For instance, Hamilton recalls two examples of democracies rising from authoritarian governments that are often used to justify the United States' current occupation of Iraq -- Japan and Germany. Hamilton argues that the "accomplishments of Japan and Germany depended in part upon the framework of 'collective security' that guided American foreign policy from World War II through the Cold War" (para. 2). The collective security arrangements that Hamilton credits, in part, with the success of Japanese and German democracy are NATO, the UN, the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO (para. 2). Although they aided Japan and German's journey to democracy, these organizations are not simply a means by which the United States attempts to perpetuate imperialism. Instead, these organizations often fail to achieve results because of sovereignty. Member nations refuse to ratify treaties and support actions, and their sovereign power allows them to do so. On the other hand, these collective security agreements impose on the sovereignty of member states by persuading them to view interests in a collective manner. In this regard, however, collective security may be more likely to fail because of exertions of sovereignty, but sovereignty is not generally compromised, as passing binding resolutions is often hindered by a state's ability to exert its sovereignty. Still, these organizations often prove somewhat successful, as Hamilton argues. For instance, they supported Japan and Germany's rise to democratic powers. Thus, collective security organizations are marked by success and failure. The failure of collective security institutions is often rendered by the exertion of sovereignty on the part of member states. While member states do feel pressured to change sovereign decisions in these organizations, however, they are not prevented from exerting these sovereign decisions, obviously. Thus, though they are not always successful, collective security agreements, with their respect for state sovereignty, do often succeed in part. Hamilton's example of Germany and Japan's eventual turn to democracy can be viewed as a case study.
Collective Security and State Sovereignty in the Future
Thus, as organizations that do not undermine state sovereignty, will collective security agreements continue to...
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This researcher rejects the existence of online communities because computer mediated group discussions cannot possibly meet this definition. Weinreich's view is that anyone with even a basic knowledge of sociology understands that information exchange in no way constitutes a community. For a cyber-place with an associated computer mediated group to be labeled as a virtual settlement it is necessary for it to meet a minimum set of conditions. These are:
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