While there are different frequency bands that are used by satellite communication systems, the most common are the uplink and downlink frequency bands of 6 Ghz and 4 Ghz respectively. In essence the uplink frequency band usually ranges from 5.725 to 7.075 Ghz whereas the actual downlink frequency band is estimated to be around 3.4 to 4.8 Ghz.
In most cases, satellites function in three different orbits i.e. The low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit, which is also known as the geosynchronous orbit. While the low Earth orbits are placed at an altitude of between 100 and 1000 miles, the medium Earth orbit satellites function from 6300 to approximately 12,500 miles. On the other hand, the geostationary orbits are placed at an altitude of more than 22,326 miles above Earth mainly because they cover one orbit in a day and remain fixed over a single spot.
Important Factors in Satellite Communications:
In order for a satellite communication system to function or operate effectively, there are various factors that must be critically considered such as
Elevation Angle:
This can be described as the angle of the horizontal of the earth surface to the central point of the transmission beam in the satellite. The elevation angle is an important factor because it determines the coverage area of the satellite system and the fact that there is a lower elevation angle of earth stations. In most cases, an ideal elevation angle is 0 degrees in order for the transmission beam to achieve a visible horizon to the satellite across each direction.
Coverage Angle:
This is the second most important factor in satellite communication and it's defined as the measure of the portion of the surface of the earth that is visible to a satellite with regards to the minimum elevation angle (Charles, p. 6).
Satellite Footprint:
This is regarded as a crucial factor because the strength of transmission of the satellite tends to be more powerful in the transmission center and decreases further from the center because of the increase in free space loss. The free space loss is defined as the distance between the earth station and a satellite.
Atmospheric Attenuation:
Since atmospheric reduction is normally caused by air and water, it's an important factor in satellite communication because it can weaken the transmission. During the development and establishment of satellite communication systems, this factor should be critically considered because of its impact on transmission and its severity during rain and fog.
Enhancing Satellite Communication:
The development of a healthy satellite industry and sector has been fueled by the recent advancements in satellite technology that has contributed to the provision of multiple services to Internet Service Providers (ISPs), broadcasters, governments, military departments and units, and other sectors. Satellite technology has mainly developed from experimental mechanisms to the complicated and more powerful mechanisms within a short period of time. Actually, future satellite communications will be enhanced or developed to include more onboard processing abilities, increased power, and larger-aperture antennas. The increased capabilities will increase the efficiency of satellite communications because they will enable the satellite systems to handle more bandwidth. The service life of satellites will also be increased from the current 10 -- 15 years to 20 -- 30 years with extra advancements in the propulsion and power systems of satellites.
The need to enhance the existing satellite communication systems is fueled by various important factors. These factors include the demand for more bandwidth and increased advancements of satellite technology. Such enhancements will result in the long-term viability of the commercial satellite industry in the next generation and century. However, satellite communication can be enhanced through various means including & #8230;
Partnerships to Increase Training Capabilities:
One of the major ways to enhance satellite communication is through partnerships and enhanced delivery of training that is geared towards improving the deployments of satellite communication. The increased standards of various operational effectiveness for governmental agencies is being encouraged through the provision of training that facilitates the deployments of satellite communication systems ("Partnerships to Improve," par, 1). The initiatives are taking place at a time when there is increased dependence upon VSAT-based solutions for most of the communications across the globe.
Increased delivery of trainings for technicians will significantly contribute to the enhancement of satellite communication systems. Currently, various companies have been involved in such partnerships to provide practical VSAT installation trainings for technicians in different agencies and departments that are involved in satellite communication systems. An example of such partnership is the one between by Light Professional it Services, the Global VSAT Forum, and SatProf. As a result of...
These include Omni, CCSDS, Hi-DSN and SpaceVPN. OMNI and CCDS will be briefly considered, with the focus on CCSDS, as this architecture has been shown to be the most appropriate for satellite communication with Mars. OMNI Omni or the Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) is an architecture proposed by NASA to provide the most simple and most effective infrastructure for space missions. Central to this architecture is the
After the completion of the design and development of satellites, the systems are normally subjected to waiting periods that span for several years before the identification of an appropriate launch opportunity. Design and Implementation Cost: The third major problem in the development and implementation of satellite communication is the software development costs. This includes money spent on all bus systems, ground support equipment, systems engineering, communication payloads, program management, and integration
Communication Upgrade Plan Communications Upgrade Plan The Abco Company wishes to upgrade its telecommunications technology to a system that is more efficient than the outdated Centrex system now in place. As part of the upgrade plan, the CEO has asked for an explanation of the various systems and technologies available for the upgrade. This research explores various technologies and recommends the proper solution for the business problem at hand. Communications Upgrade Plan The Centrex
Incoming photons were either reflected off of the initial detector surface or they passed directly through the device without being absorbed by the nanowire filament. Optical transmission losses such as these represented a major stumbling block for researchers intent on improving the efficiency of these systems, which had only been able to reach efficiencies of around 20% (Gawel 25; Rosfjord et al. 528). Efficiencies as low as this do
It is therefore vital that our employees learn to communicate effectively not only with their superiors, but also with each other. Effective interpersonal communication will also stimulate the creative process much more effectively, which will help us to meet industry challenges like the ones before us now. The strength of a company is in its employees. The strength of employees is in their communication skills. For managers, the suggestion is
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