Organizational Psychology - Motivation
Landy and Conte (2013) define industrial-organizational psychology as "the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting" (p. 7). A prominent line of research in industrial-organizational psychology is the study of worker motivation. Over many decades, as management theory has developed, several philosophical and psychological strands have emerged, and are often referred to as: 1) Person as machine; 2) person as scientist, and 3) person as intentional.
Person as Machine
Theory X managers are known to take "the carrot and the stick" approach to supervision since they believe that people work only for the monetary compensation, which means that coercion, threat, and punitive measures must be used to extract efficient workplace effort from employees. Manifestations of Theory X management include high levels of mistrust between employees and employers, and a tendency of management to blame workers for inefficiencies or mistakes rather than looking at other sources of a problem, such as policies, operations, or inadequate systems -- such as employee training.
Taylorism falls in this category since the overriding belief of those who practice a Tayloristic style of management is that workers have no incentive to figure out how to conduct their job responsibilities and tasks in the most efficient way, and that workers will perform repetitive work at the slowest possible rate just short of that which results in managerial discipline. That is, the self-serving orientation...
D.). A need also frequently serves to answer the question motivational psychologists regularly ask as they explore motives that impel the person people to do what he/she does: "What drives people to do the things they do?" Basic concepts of motive include: A motive depicts a person's internal state arousing and directing his/her behavior to meet a precise goal and/or objective. A deficit, a lack of something, contributes to a motive. Motives vary
Motivation in Sport Take a look at the animal world and you will find the proof that game is an inherent feature of the virtually evaluated species. This has an important part in literacy and evolution. We witness many a mock fights between kittens and pups so as to enhance their stamina, speed, tolerance and will. Through such hatred free games, they rub their hands for survival and satisfy their urge
Here the marketer tries to project the product as an answer to these conflicts (Consumer Behavior: Chapter 3, 2010). With motivation having such a major influence on consumption patterns of the customer, there is a strong need to learn about it as part of marketing research. Qualitative methods of observation, focus groups and in-depth interview and analysis are often used to try and understand the hidden motives of a consumer.
Motivation Systems for Hospitality Organizations: A Case Study of Motel Generally speaking, the hospitality industry competes on a global basis by providing food and beverages services as well as accommodations for tourists and travelers. For instance, according to Lucas, "The term hospitality industry serves as an overarching label for businesses whose primary purpose is to offer food, beverage and accommodation for sale on a commercial basis" (2003:3). By contrast, hospitality
Herzberg and Blanchards' Theory Leadership and Motivation Comparison of Situational Theory against the Two Factor Theory Faraz Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model Leadership / Behavior of the leader Development Level of the Follower Steps in the Situational Leadership Strategy Strengths of the Situational Leadership Strategy Drawbacks of the Situational Leadership Strategy Assumptions of Situational Leadership Conditions Fredrick Herzberg's Theory of Human Motivation Hygiene Factors of the Two Factor Theory Hygiene / Maintenance Factors Motivating Factors of the Two Factor Theory Limitations of the
Kraft Heinz Company Motivation Case StudyOrganization's SummaryThe Kraft Heinz Company, popularly known as Kraft Heinz, is a globally trusted producer of high-quality and nutritious foods such as pickles, ketchup, and vinegar. The company was formed in 2015 by a merger between Kraft Foods and Heinz (Kraft Heinz, 2022). As a result, it is co-headquartered in Pittsburgh and Chicago. The merger has made the company the fifth-largest food and beverage company
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