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Sophocles, one of the three great tragedians of ancient Greece, authored many plays that have become foundational texts in the study of classical literature and drama

Among which "Oedipus Rex" and "Antigone" are perhaps the most well known. These two plays are part of what is often referred to as the Theban Plays or the Oedipus Cycle, which also includes "Oedipus at Colonus". Focusing on the titular characters, Oedipus and Antigone, and their respective narratives, one can delve into a comparison and contrast of these two iconic works, revealing how the characters are shaped by and in turn shape their destiny, ethics, and the interplay of personal agency versus divine will.

To begin with, while both plays are set within the context of the same family and the same curse that afflicts the house of Thebes, their central conflicts are vastly different. "Oedipus Rex" centers on the unraveling of a mysteryOedipuss own identity and his unwitting fulfillment of the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother (Sophocles, "Oedipus Rex"). In contrast, "Antigone" deals with the aftermath of her brothers' deaths and the moral and political conflict that arises when she defies King Creon's edict against burying one of her brothers, Polynices (Sophocles, "Antigone"). This stark difference in narrative focus showcases Sophocles' ability to explore various dimensions of the human condition within the boundaries of a single mythological framework.

Moreover, the characters of Oedipus and Antigone, while sharing certain traits like a strong will and a firm commitment to their personal sense of justice, also display contrasting qualities and face different existential challenges. Oedipus, often seen as a figure embodying human intellect and pride, is determined to find the truth and rid Thebes of the plague, only to discover that he himself is the unwitting cause of his city's suffering. His journey is one of self-discovery and intellectual enlightenment to a tragic realization (Segal, "Oedipus Tyrannus"). On the other hand, Antigone's struggle is not with knowledge but with the assertion of divine law over human law. She is not uncovering a truth so much as she is revealing her devotion to a higher moral order, an action for which she is willing to sacrifice her life. Her defiance of Creon is not based on a search for identity but on an unyielding adherence to what she believes to be right, despite the personal costs (Steiner, "Antigone").

Another point worth noting is the issue of divine will versus human action in both plays. In "Oedipus Rex", the inescapable prophecy of Apollo drives the plot, foretelling the doom that will come upon Oedipus. The horror of the play lies in the iron grip of fate, as Oedipus' every action, even those aimed at avoiding the prophecy, further entangles him in its fulfillment (Goldhill, The Great Chain of Evaluations). While Oedipus initially appears to be a pawn in the hands of the gods, his attempts to exert control over his life reflect the tension between destiny and free will that is central to his tragic experience.

Contrasting this, the events of "Antigone" revolve less around the ordained will of the gods and more around the individual's choice to uphold divine law, as seen through Antigone's decisions. Creon, as a foil to Antigone, embodies the assertion of human law and governance, which ultimately brings about his downfall due to his failure to appropriately balance his edicts with the unwritten laws the protagonist upholds (Foley, The Conceptions of the Divine in Oedipus the King). While the gods' will is still a significant element, since Antigone claims her actions are in line with their true intentions, the emphasis here is placed on the human capacity for moral reasoning and the ethics of governance.

Additionally, both plays explore the theme of blindnessliteral and metaphorical. In "Oedipus Rex", Oedipus is metaphorically blind to the truth of his situation until the climax of the play, after which he blinds himself in a literal sense as punishment for his previously unseen crimes ("Oedipus Rex"). Antigone, on the other hand, is willfully blind to King Creon's edicts and the dangers of her insubordination, seeing only her filial duty and the righteousness of her cause ("Antigone").