Pathophysiology of Asthma
Asthma is a common respiratory disease believed to be influenced or determined by genetic and environmental factors, such as allergens and respiratory viruses (Chung & Adcock, 2001). Asthma can be acute, chronic or fatal. It is acute when it is severe and sudden (Hadjlladis, 2014), chronic when it develops for a long period of time, and fatal, when it leads to death. An acute first asthmatic attack can lead to chronic asthma if it is not treated (Hadjilladis).
Mechanisms
During an attack, changes occur in the airways, consisting in chronic inflammation and altered matrix proteins, which account for the narrowing of the airway and increased responsiveness of the bronchial tubes (Chung & Adcock, 2001). Many inflammatory mediators, like histamine and cysteinyl-lekotrienes, are released by inflammatory mediators. These trigger the tightening of the brochial tubes, production of mucus and plasma exudation and brochial hyp0er-responsiveness. T-helper 2-derived cytokines like interleukin-4 become overactive. These responses are not yet fully understood but are considered connected to the development of an allergen-specific immunological memory that deviates from the T-helper 2 (Chung & Adcock).
The Genetic Factor
Genetic factors are believed to assert strong influence over the development or triggering of an allergy (Barnes, 2003)....
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