Here, people always attribute causes to actions and happenings, with the belief that everything has an explanation only if we could look deeper enough (Changing Minds, 2011). This theory serves to show how people have very different perspectives to happenings or events in the daily lives, and these varying views can easily stray into power imbalance, prejudice and such like vices ultimately affecting the communication process.
Under attribution theory, there exist two possible justifications or explanations that are normally forwarded concerning a behavior hence acting as noise to communication. The first is the intrinsic or internal justification; this gives explanation for an event as having been internally motivated. The internal motivations include personality, abilities, and traits that are displayed or observed in the individual. For instance, in our scenario above, I blamed the character of the partner, the jealousy within her, for the lack of consideration for my request. As a result, that also built a grudge within me that never allowed me to be keen on any communication between her and I.
On the other hand, in a case where the environment, other situations or extrinsic factors are believed to be behind the actions (or lack of action) by an individual, then this is referred to as the external attribution. In our scenario above, the lack of effective relaying of communication between the administration and me was based on the grudge held between my colleague and I, which is purely an external force taking into account the administration has nothing to do with our grudges down here.
Therefore, the attribution error is the tendency for the observer of a behavior to attribute the cause of the behaviors of an individual to an internal factor and in the process downplay the real causes of the behavior or the situational causes and affect communication or understanding of the message as intended by the parties within the communication cycle (Gilbert T. & Melone P., 1995). Attribution error can also be said to be the exaggeration...
Support for the second hypothesis, that male speakers would be perceived as less cooperative than female speakers, also varied across situations, and the effect was even smaller" (Edwards & Hamilton 2004). Support for the Tannen model only was found after additional research was done, and a new questionnaire was given that scored recipient's self-perception in terms of feminine and masculine characteristics and inculcation into traditional gender roles. Individuals with
Communication and Gender in Movies Cinematic Gender Communication Gender plays a fairly important role in regards to communication and its effectiveness and nuances. This fact is largely due to the immense value which people have always placed upon language, which can be thought of as a means of identifying and, in some instances, even defining what it means to be of a particular gender since "communication is thought to be, at once,
Communication and Perception Processes Communication models simplify the descriptions of complex communication interactions Three models: Transmission- a linear one-way process in which a sender transmits a message to a receiver Participants- senders and receivers of messages Messages- the verbal and non-verbal content being shared Encoding- turning thoughts into communication Decoding- turning communication into thoughts Channels- sensory routes through which messages travel Barriers / Noise Environmental noise- physical noise Semantic noise- noise in encoding process Interaction- participants alternate positions as senders and receivers
Group Develoment Theory of Group Development Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy is one of the group development theories or models that are used in today's societies and institutions. The validity of making and developing groups is geared towards equitable management of the available group and behavior of people within an institution or place of work. According to Cognitive Behavior Therapy, group development is a lucrative endeavor that has to be worked
Cross-Cultural Communication With increased competition being witnessed in many industries, Multinational companies are setting shop to new foreign markets as a way of increasing their profitability and remaining competitive. Many countries have liberalized their markets, and present advancement in technologies has made it easy for companies to open new branches in foreign markets. However, this also comes with it challenges, particularly relating to cross-cultural communication. Effective cross-cultural communication is very important
An interesting theory on interpersonal communication was developed by Leon Festinger, and refers to cognitive dissonance. Regarding this theory, cognitive dissonance is represented by an aversive drive that determines individuals to avoid opposing points-of-view, to seek reassurance when making a difficult decision, and to modify their individual beliefs in order to match public behavior in certain conditions (Festinger, 1957). In other words, the theory refers to the differences between behavior
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