Education: Impact of Screen Time on Self-Regulation, Communication/ Social Interactions in Children
Part A: Table to Create Introduction to Research Instrument
Purpose of the research
To study/ understand why parents are using screen time at home with their children
Overarching research question
What is the impact of screen time on self-regulation and communication/ social interaction in children?
Research sub-question 1
What are parents perspectives on using screen time with their children at home?
Research sub-question 2
How are parents using screen time with their children at home?
Part B: Designing Data Collection Instrument
Sample questionnaire protocol
The number of questions in the interview would be 20. The questions are as follows:
i. Does your child use any technological devices like smartphones or tablets at home?
Yes
No
ii. How much screen time does he use the device daily?
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
More than 3 hours
iii. Do you think the screen time affects his time limitations with other kids? Like in parks or at home with siblings?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
iv. Do you think screen time is affecting their ability to self-regulate? It could include finishing the food on the dinner table and outing dishes back into the kitchen, keeping the clothes back in the cupboard, or packing the bag after finishing homework.
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
v. Do you think screen time is affecting your childs emotions? It could mean being aggressive most of the day, having low self-control when an issue arises and becoming irritated easily, or stress/depression.
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
vi. Do you think your child shows frequent signs of fights or annoying behavior with parents at home?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
vii. Does this behavior suddenly pacify if he is given a smartphone or tablet to play games?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
viii. Do you give your child a phone/ tablet to calm him down and keep his emotions under control?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
ix. Do you feel when you try to take his phone or tablet away, saying that the screen time is over, he reacts aggressively?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
x. Does the teacher at school also involve the use of screens in their curriculum or class activities?
Definitely not
No
Dont know
Yes
Definitely yes
xi. Has the teacher ever told you your child creates a fuss when the screens are taken away from children, and the child wants to play 5 more minutes?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xii. Does this habit frequently occur? Asking the teacher to let him five more minutes? It could be more than two to three times.
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xiii. Has the teacher complained about your childs behavior regarding communicating or socializing with his classmates?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xiv. Does the teacher indicate that he finds problems completing his tasks in the classroom?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xv. Does the teacher mention he finds difficulty in conducting group activities? Or would he ask his group members to complete the rest of the activity and avoid completing his own?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xvi. Does the teacher think he has focus problems? Such as completing a worksheet given to him in class? Does he keep looking outside the window? Or the fan or walls etc.?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Dont know
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xvii. Do you find the same behavior at home with siblings? Such as not trying to compromise in fights and wanting a toy to himself only? Being aggressive or adamant about it?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xviii. Do you feel he has problems sleeping?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xix. Has your child ever wanted a smartphone or tablet before going to sleep? Saying he wants to play a game or watch a video for 10 minutes before going to sleep?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
xx. Does he react at bedtime when you say no to his request?
Definitely not
Maybe no
Neutral
Maybe yes
Definitely yes
Also attached below is the informed consent form that would help the participants to answer the questions truthfully and be open in their responses so that valid and authentic findings are compiled in the data analysis section.
Interview Protocol (Qualitative)
ONLINE CONSENT FORM FOR SURVEY MONKEY FALL 2021
Title of your project: ____________________
State the purpose of your survey: _______________
Please note that participation in this survey is completely voluntary, and respondents are free to skip any questions that they do not wish to answer. After entering the survey, you may withdraw from it at any time. To withdraw, click the Exit this Survey button on the surveys top right-hand corner or close the browser window. Any questions you have answered at that point will be collected if you decide to withdraw. Due to the anonymous nature of the survey, you cannot withdraw after you have completed and submitted the survey.
The Survey may take approximately XX minutes (put your time here) to complete. The information you provide will help the researcher understand more about (research topic).
There are no known or anticipated risks to you by participating in this research. The survey findings will potentially increase awareness about (fill in as it pertains to your research). Declining to complete this survey wil not affect you personally in any way.
The results of this study will be shared with others through a conference presentation.
You may contact the researcher or their supervisor if you have any questions about the study.
Researcher: Name(s)[email protected]
Research Supervisor: Dhanna Mistri, M.Ed. [email protected]
If you have any questions regarding this studys ethical conduct, please get in touch with this studys research supervisor, Dhanna Mistri, M.Ed. [email protected].
Regarding your Privacy and confidentiality:
Please note that this survey is hosted by Survey Monkey, a web survey company located in the USA. All responses to the...
…in touch with this studys research supervisor, Dhanna Mistri, M.Ed. [email protected].Regarding your Privacy and confidentiality:
Please note that this survey is hosted by Survey Monkey, a web survey company located in the USA. All responses to the survey will be stored and accessed in the USA. This company is subject to US laws, particularly the US Patriot Act, that allows authorities access to the records of Internet Service Providers. If you choose to participate in the survey, you understand that your responses to the questions will be stored and accessed in the USA. The security and privacy Policy for Survey Monkey can be viewed at http://surveymonkey.com
1) By clicking I agree, you acknowledge that you are 18 years of age or older, have read and understood the information above, and freely consent to participate in the survey.
I agree
I disagree
Part C: Testing Data Collection Method/ Instrument with Classmates
The above-designed questionnaire sample was tested with one of the classmates to test the research instrument. The classmate was treated as an actual participant in the study and was sent a questionnaire email to him, keeping the same mindset to avoid bias. A participant feedback form was filled out afterward by the same classmate to assess the reliability and validity of the research instrument (see appendix).
Part D: Reflection upon Data Collection Method/Instrument
My initial thoughts about the pilot testing process were that it would only involve checking whether the questions were meant to measure the variables set around the research question and whether they would be able to provide results with transparency. By transparency, I mean my perception of the honesty of the questionnaire and how open they would be in disclosing information about their children. It does associate with the notion that they should be assured of the privacy and confidentiality of their data, for which informed consent holds a significant place in the research and validity of the results.
I did gather as much data as I hoped since the questions were formulated keeping in mind the simplicity of language and aiming to target the right measures and variables involved in the research. The questionnaire also involves examples to clarify to the participants what the question is about. It was also done to explain to them the terms like self-regulate and give an exemplary scenario within the question. Ambiguity and beating around the bush technique were avoided so that words and questions remained simple to understand and easy to analyze afterward.
The opportunity I would gain from the questionnaire is that an online survey would help the participants fill out the form quickly, despite many questionnaires. They can fill them from any device and anywhere (either at work or home). It would encourage a higher response rate and more reliability/validity for the research. Also, one…
References
Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(3), 104-110.
In J. (2017). Introduction of a pilot study. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 70(6), 601–605. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.6.601
Kass, N.E., Taylor, H.A., Ali, J., Hallez, K. & Chaisson, L. (2014). A pilot study of simple interventions to improve informed consent in clinical research: Feasibility, approach, and results. Clinical Trials, 12(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745145608AppendixParticipant Feedback FormSTUDENT’S NAME WHO PILOT-TESTED MY INSTRUMENT:In your opinion, how effective were the questions in the interview/survey/questionnaire in gaining your perspectives?I think the questions are valid since they aim to question the parents about communication, self-regulation, emotional control, and social involvement with parents or siblings at home. These are the specific measures to be assessed in the current research.
Were there any challenges you encountered in being a participant in this study?I don’t think this was the case since the questions had simple language and were clear to understand; hence, answering them was also straightforward.
Can you offer any insights which would enable the student to improve their data collection method/instrument?The student can improve the data collection method by making it a 7-point Likert scale since having more scales would make the participant answer better and data analysis stronger (Finstad, 2010).
Based on your experiences as a participant, what overall advice would you offer?This was my first experience as a participant; hence, I could suggest whatever I came across the first time in an interview. The 7-point Likert scale would remain helpful since an overall subjectivity in responses that need to be quantitatively assessed would become more reliable as the scale would provide the participants with more stimuli to choose their response from, prompting a more accurate response.
The Revised Research Instrument/ Online Questionnaire1. Does your child use any technological devices like smartphones or tablets at home?· Yes· No2. How much screen time does he use the device daily?· 1 hour· 2 hours· 3 hours· More than 3 hours3. Do you think the screen time affects his time limitations spent with other kids? Like in parks or at home with siblings?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes4. Do you think screen time is affecting their ability to self-regulate? It could include finishing the food on the dinner table and outing dishes back in the kitchen, it could mean keeping the clothes back in the cupboard, or it could mean packing the bag up after finishing homework.
Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes5. Do you think screen time is affecting your child’s emotions? It could mean being aggressive most of the day, it could mean low self-control when an issue arises and becoming irritated easily, or it could mean stress/depression.
Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes6. Do you think your child shows frequent signs of fights or annoying behavior with parents at home?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes7. Does this behavior suddenly pacify if he is given a smartphone or tablet to play games?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes8. Do you give your child a phone/ tablet to calm him down and keep his emotions under control?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes9. Do you feel when you try to take his phone or tablet away, saying that the screen time is over, he reacts aggressively?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes10. Does the teacher at school also involve the use of screens in their curriculum or class activities?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes11. Has the teacher ever told you your child creates a fuss when the screens are taken away from children, and the child wants to play “5 more minutes”?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes12. Does this habit frequently occur? Asking the teacher to let him five more minutes? It could be more than two to three times.
Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes13. Has the teacher complained about your child’s behavior regarding communicating or socializing with his classmates?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes14. Does the teacher indicate that he finds problems completing his tasks in the classroom?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes15. Does the teacher mention he finds difficulty in conducting group activities? Or asks his group members to complete the rest of the activity and would avoid completing his own?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes16. Does the teacher think he has focus problems? Such as completing a worksheet given to him in class? Does he keep looking outside the window? Or the fan or walls etc.?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes17. Do you find the same behavior at home with siblings? Such as not trying to compromise in fights and wanting a toy to himself only? Being aggressive or adamant about it?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes18. Do you feel he has problems sleeping?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes19. Has your child ever wanted a smartphone or tablet before going to sleep? Saying he wants to play a game or watch a video for 10 minutes before going to sleep?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes20. Does he react at bedtime when you say ‘no’ to his request?Definitely notMaybe noNoNeutralYesMaybe YesDefinitely Yes
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