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Communication And Family Life Literature Review Chapter

Communication Dynamics Within a Family Communication within the family

Communication plays an important role in all relationships and individuals are provided with the ability to observe its effectiveness from a young age, within the family. Many families have developed identities that are being transferred from generation to generation and have gotten actively involved in trying to improve communication channels. Communication within the family can be efficient because of many reasons, some of the most important being related to teaching children about socialization and establishing intimate relationships.

In order to be able to comprehend the degree to which communication improves a relationship, it would be important for someone to attempt to observe situations in which it is very poor or lacking altogether. Throughout society one can observe individuals complaining about poor communication between themselves and other people or groups. Parents often emphasize the fact that their communication with their children is very poor and a reason for which children might be inclined to take on deviant attitudes. In their turn, children are putting across similar ideas as they are trying to highlight the fact that their parents are not willing to listen to them and simply attempt to impose their thinking on their children.

Communication between parents is among the most significant means of communication in the family. This form of communication can shape the family as a whole, can make the marital relationship stable, and can provide children with the ability to solve problems more effectively.

By taking into account the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, one can gain a more complex understanding of the importance of communication within the family and strategies individuals can employ in order to improve the way they communicate with other members of their family. Even with the fact that this particular model was devised around 1948, it can still be applied in contemporary situations, especially considering that it has experienced many adaptations during recent decades (Gosche).

Non-verbal communication

Numerous individuals today have trouble understanding the significance of non-verbal communication and are actually inclined to believe that they should solely focus on verbal communication in their struggle to connect with others. There is much more to non-verbal communication than some might believe:

7% of all communication is typically put across via spoken word

38% is expressed through body language and through the tone individuals use while speaking

55% of communication is communicated through the facial expression that the individual uses (Gosche).

Considering that approximately 93% of communication is non-verbal, it appears that society as a whole needs to acknowledge the significance of non-verbal communication and to use it more efficiently. Oftentimes when someone speaks, listeners are inclined to be influenced by their facial expression more than they are by the actual words they are saying (Gosche). Sarcasm is one of the major reasons why non-verbal communication is, in some cases, more important than verbal communication. Individuals can say something they do not actually mean, but their intention might be to express different ideas. It would thus be essential for listeners to have a complex understanding of the conversation in order for them to actually comprehend the ideas that the persons they are communicating with are trying to put across. By simply comparing over-the-phone conversations with real-life conversations, one is probable to acknowledge the fact that phones can limit a person's ability to express him or herself exactly as he or she wants to.

One of the main reasons why people often find themselves having trouble understanding non-verbal communications is the fact that they received little to no formal training meant to enable them to do this. "Unlike other communication skills, the techniques of non-verbal communication are not very well understood; they are not yet taught formally, and are entirely omitted from the school curriculum." (Halberstadt 14)

In spite of the fact that there is limited information available for individuals to learn more about non-verbal communication, people are nonetheless provided with the mechanisms they need in order to understand it better as they develop. Families are generally considered to be similar to a training ground making it possible for people to observe how non-verbal communication works and how they can use it. In cases when children were penalized as a consequence of openly expressing their emotions, these respective children are likely to grow up to express little to no interest in non-verbal communication. Families thus play an essential role in determining the way that individuals develop and in the way they communicate...

For example, someone can consider that a particular non-verbal gesture might mean something just because of how that gesture is used while at home. The respective individual is then probable to misunderstand messages from other people. "When the family environment is low in expressiveness, individuals must become sensitive to the most subtle displays of emotion in order to relate effectively with their family members." (Halberstadt 15)
Children as important communicators

In a great deal of families parents are inclined to project their thinking onto their children without acknowledging all messages that their children put across. The fact that individuals adapt to their family's 'language system' can sometimes be less effective in improving communication within the family. In a series of cases one can gain a complex understanding about other families and about the mechanisms that made change possible in those respective families. However, the same people might experience difficulty as they try to understand how their family works or about the tools they can use with the purpose to improve it.

There are numerous ideas in the contemporary society showing people how they should behave in their families and attempting to provide them with the attitudes they need in order to improve their relationship with other family members. The film "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" contains a series of ideas related to family communication. One of the central characters in the film, Willy Wonka, has had a negative experience with his family as a result of having a strict father. As a consequence, this particular character puts across lack of support with regard to families in general and attempts to influence others to agree to his point-of-view. Charlie's description of having a family that is warm and that is mainly interested in helping others this comes as a surprise to Willy. "Families vary, not just individually, but structurally and culturally." (Socha & Yingling 2) This makes it possible for someone to acknowledge that all family relationships need to be treated differently and need to be regarded from different perspectives. Even with the fact that two children lived in the same family throughout their childhood, they might have different experiences within the family and might have developed different styles of communication.

Developmental character in families

One of the most important elements in families is the developmental character. This concept is present in every family and it is responsible for shaping each individual's character and behavior. Families are in a state of constant evolution, with all families today being very different from how they were a decade ago. By taking this into account, one can attempt to find ways in which he or she can affect the way that his or her family experiences change. "Families use communication to create conditions for the development of many capacities on multiple levels (individuals, rational, group)." (Socha & Yingling 3)

In order for it to be efficient, communication does not necessarily have to be positive and cheery, as it has to occur via channels that are as effective as possible and that are thus making individuals within the family feel that their participation in all conversations influences the family in general. There are a series of character traits that someone can consider in his or her attempt to improve communication in his or her family. Honesty, appreciation of beauty, and a strong emphasis on learning can all help an individual in his efforts to improve his or her family. Even with this, the idea of a positive conversation largely depends on the way that each individual perceives the respective conversation and negotiation can occur frequently within a family as each family member attempts to impose his or her point-of-view (Socha & Yingling 4).

Intact families as a 'boring' environment

In many cases people are inclined to believe that an intact family is unlikely to experience communication problems or to display abnormalities when it comes to this topic. "Far from being a homogenous group exhibiting similar behaviors that lead to only positive outcomes for families, individual family members, and society at large, intact families exhibit a wide range of communication behaviors that are associated with both positive and negative outcomes for families and their members." (Vangelisti 180)

As previously mentioned, it would be impossible for someone to take a pattern that makes communication work in a family and apply it to a series of other families in hope that it is going to have a similar effect. Two different families can have different experiences as a result of adopting…

Sources used in this document:
Works cited:

Gosche, M. "Building Strong Families." Retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://extension.missouri.edu/bsf/communicating/

Halberstadt, A.G. "Family expressiveness styles and nonverbal communication skills." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior FALL 1983, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp 14-26

Kahlbaugh, P.E. "NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS: A STUDY OF APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS," Retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~baljones/Nonverbal%20Communication.pdf

Lee, D. "Developing Effective Communications." Retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://extension.missouri.edu/p/CM109
Peterson, R. & Green, S. "Families First-Keys to Successful Family Functioning: Communication." Retrieved March 1, 2015, from https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-092/350-092.html
"About The Gottman Method," retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://www.gottman.com/about-gottman-method-couples-therapy/
"MODELS OF COMMUNICATION," Retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://lms.oum.edu.my/e-content/OUMH1303KDP/content/24094922OUMH1303_OralCommunication_v1/OUMH1303_Topic1/OUMH1303_1_2.html
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