Prejudice Against Philosophy
Plato (427-347 BCE) is often termed as the greatest Western philosopher. Historians like A.N. Whitehead like to quote: "The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." [Bloom, 1991]. In defense of philosophers one can refer to Plato's definition of what a philosopher is and how useful he is to society.
Plato's magnum opus "Republic" is considered as one of the masterpieces of western civilization. The central questions of the Republic are "What is Justice" and whether it is better to live justly or unjustly. To answer these questions, Plato first constructs a perfectly Just City State. A Just City, according to the 'Republic', is one in which there is the perfect arrangement. Plato in his treatise describes a three-part division of the human soul, which he co-relates with three major classes in the Just City society. According to Plato we all have rational through, wisdom, spirit, honor, love and an appetite (desire for money, food, sex, etc.) As the individual human soul consists of three major parts, society, in Plato's reckoning, consists of three major classes, the tradesman/craftsman/labor class, the army and the leaders [Bramann, 2000].
The common class contains everyone who is involved in manufacturing, commerce, banking,...
They are always motivated by material gain for which Plato calls them summarily "lovers of money." [Bramann, 2000].The much smaller class above these materialistically motivated citizens are the armed forces and anyone who is involved in the security and maintenance of order in the community. They are willing to risk their lives for the welfare of the community. Plato calls them "lovers of honor." The smallest class, located at the top of the utopian society described in the Republic, consists of those men and women who dedicate their lives to the pursuit of knowledge [Bramann, 2000]. They pursue knowledge not to be more efficient professionals or sophisticated moneymakers, but because they consider knowledge and insight to be the highest goal for human beings. They are dedicated to the existence of analysis and contemplation and to life of the mind. Plato calls them "lovers of wisdom." [Parry, 1996].
The Just City is the city in which the wisest citizen(s) is (are) in charge." The wisest citizens are those who understand justice: how both the city and citizen ought to be arranged. Justice (for the person) means correct arrangement of parts of a person's soul (harmony, proportion, symmetry). In the just soul, as in the Just City, everything is where it should be, including the ruler.…
