College sports and recreational activities are traditionally dominated by men. Although there have been dramatic increases in women's involvement in sports at the college level, men continue to make up the majority of the participants and spectators of events and activities. The availability of high-quality recreational facilities for athletic training as well as general fitness and maintenance is necessary and integral to sports programs in colleges. It may be assumed that these types of facilities are mostly utilized by men due to their predominant participation in sports and recreation activities.
Even though participation in campus sports and recreational activities still involves men more than women, this doesn't necessarily mean that men value the importance of sports and recreation in college more than women. Milton (1998) was interested in this concept and investigated beliefs among men and women in college as to whether the development of new, high-quality sports and recreation facilities should be a priority for the college campus. The author related the issue back to the early 1970s when the interscholastic and intercollegiate sport first addressed issues regarding gender equity in campus activities. This opened the door for examination of differences between male and female involvement in college sports down to the recreational level. Milton sought to explore this gender issue beyond actual participation and involvement to beliefs regarding the importance of facilities necessary to support sports and recreation in colleges.
The research question investigated by Milton (1998) was "do collegiate males believe the availability of recreational sports facilities and services are a priority for a college more so than female (p.30)?." Milton hypothesized that the results would demonstrated that male student were in fact more likely to place high priority on the availability of recreational facilities and activities than women. This hypothesis was based in the traditional perception that sports and recreation in college were dominated by men. Furthermore, the null hypothesis of the study was that there would be no significant difference between men and women with regard to beliefs on the importance of recreational and sports activity and facilities at the college level. The researcher looked at studying these beliefs and exploring their potential implications for the college as a whole....
Programs and Services are listed in Appendix C: Table Seven and include: (1) Summer recreation programs; (2) after-school activities; (3) organized sports; and many others. Appendix a Clackamas Parks and Recreation District Source: Our Parks Future Master Plan Appendix B Organizational Structure of North Clackamas Parks and Recreation District Source: Our Parks Future Master Plan Appendix C Fiscal Year/Operating Budget/General Fund Budget and Percent of Total Fiscal Year Operating Budget General Fund Budget of Total 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 Source: Our Parks Future Master
Social Change Through Women's Sports Promoting Social Change Through Women's Sports Leadership The problems that cry out for social change solutions No one who is intelligent, literate, and who is paying attention could avoid the fact that much of the world today is in need of fresh and creative ways to resolve cultural and social conflicts and to build better communities where families feel safe and futures seem secure. War, bloodshed, racial rage,
Sports Sociology Sports played either by professionals, amateurs, or just for leisure, are a large part of all industrialized societies. Nonetheless, early on sociologists have looked at sports with distain. For instance Emile Durkheim thought of sports as simply ritualized civic ceremonies, whereas early feminists viewed them as masculine cultural displays (Giulianotti, 2005). However, Bourdieu, Elias, and Dunning were among the first sociologists to take a serious approach in viewing sports
Conclusion Originally, the main objective of sports medicine was the welfare of competitive professional athletes, but it now encompasses treatment of anyone engaged in sport and exercise. It is becoming an increasingly important branch of the overall medicine field. More general practitioners are being trained in sports medicine than ever before. The training gives them a better understanding of the physical, physiological, and psychological demands of exercise. This helps them to diagnose
This has already occurred in many sports and the newest and most "extreme" will likely mirror these effects of technology within the next few years. Technology, according to some, has taken the fun and danger out of many sports that were once considered highly dangerous or extreme. This has led to the abandonment of some sports that were once considered extreme in favor of other ones that are relatively new
Supporting Research and Results Maffulli & Almekinders (2010) conducted a comparable study on 140 patients with Achilles tendon ruptures. Treatment included a conservative protocol. Re-rupture rate using this protocol is maintained at 4%. Events of re-rupture were treated using the same conservative regime. A significant percentage of patents utilizing the conservative method were able to return to competitive athletic ability (i.e. their previous sporting level) (Woo, Renstrom, & Arnoczky, 2007) The management
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