"
Somewhat unsurprisingly, an instructional strategy that these teachers frequently used was modification. Our analysis identified the following modifications: reteaching the material, using instructional materials, prompting/cueing, modeling, changing the task, and giving students more practice on the task.... If the teacher believed that the modification was not sufficient in aiding student learning, she typically reevaluated the student's learning difficulty and state of mind and then selected a new modification to apply. (Stough & Palmer, 2003)
These are the types of decisions and criteria for the student with special needs that must be evaluated when attempting any type of no only cognitive modification, but any type of intervention.
Since the late nineties strategy interventions such as cognitive modification have been increasing in use in the area of special education. The has been an array of cognitive interventions put into practice such as, specific problem-solving skills, advanced organizational skills, approaching reading with specific plans or rules to follow, teaching students to remember specific facts. Other cognitive behavioral interventions have alos included self-monitoring behavior during reading time, self-questioning about text being read and so on. (Gersten, Schiller, & Vaughn, 2000). These interventions have all been proving quite beneficial but it must be remembered that in this area one size does not fit all. Students must be constantly monitored, evaluated and reevaluated for progress as will as behavioral changes, both positive and negative.
Although there has been a great deal of research and actual practice of cognitive modification in the special education setting, more work need to be done in order to truly evaluate the benefits of this therapy. One important concept that appeared during the research on this paper is the possibility of using play as part of any cognitive modification process. Play may help to cross certain barriers that are presented in both the cognitive and physical limitations that can be found in the special education population. But regardless of...
Treatment Process To treat dysfunctional modes of either thinking or behaving in Cognitive Therapy three general approaches are applied: 1. Deactivation through distraction or reassurance 2, Modification of content or structure 3. The construction of more adaptive modes which "neutralizes' the maladaptive modes. These steps are fundamental in the process as each step is an aspect of the developed sense of self or core belief. To describe each process is also
Cognitive Psychology The term Psychology can be described as the science of behavior as well as mental processes. The immediate goal for it is to understand individuals as well as groups by researching specific cases and established general principle. Cognitive psychology can be said to be sub-discipline of psychology discovering internal mental processes. It is the study of how people remember thinks, solve problem and speak. Previous psychological approaches is different
The therapist encourages openness and honesty on the part of the patient. This parent-like role gives the therapist the power to influence the patient positively, and to interpret his self-defeating behavior and distorted beliefs about reality. The patient must be able and willing to profit from it. Since offenders are assumed to suffer from denial, lack of motivation to change, and unwillingness to cooperate with voluntary treatment, individual psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or (CBT) is currently the popular method to provide therapy to the client with weight control maladies. CBT is ostensibly necessary to assist binge eaters and those whom suffer from tendencies to bulimic episodes. According to Brody (2007), "Most popular at the moment is cognitive-behavioral therapy, with or without medication. Since binge eaters have highly irregular eating habits, the behavioral aspect introduces structure to
CBT in Families vs. CBT in Individual Settings It should be noted, from the onset, that as Lee and Edget (2012) observe, at first instance, CBT in families and CBT in individual settings could appear contradictory. However, according to the authors, although the said approaches differ in some ways, they also happen to have a lot in common. To begin with, the author observes that both approaches are short-term in nature.
, 2010). In addition, small frequent feeds, and a large amount of fluid is provided to maintain the nutritional needs of the patient and prevent dehydration. The r suctioning of secretions proves necessary in preventing aspiration of secretions. The loss of voluntary muscle's activity increases the risks of accumulation of secretions hence, the need for regular suctioning. Bulbar involvement often results in communication complications such as dysarthria and muscle paralysis of
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now