Cognitions Pertaining to Illness
The role of risk estimates in preventive behaviour
The hypothesis that was formulated by Students X and Y can best be confirmed or refuted, at least generally, by asking the Likert-scaled questions, "How likely do you think it is that you will develop liver disease in future?" At the same time as they ask the question, "How much alcohol do you drink in the average week?" The superiority of this single approach to posing both questions to the respondents relates primarily to the efficiency of the survey administration and the reliability of the results that emerge. A delay of 4 months between posing these survey questions to all of their subjects would introduce a number of significant constraints to this study that could potentially adversely affect the ability of these researchers to accurately evaluate any responses they received.
First and foremost, 4 months is a prohibitively long time and it is reasonable to suggest that many of the same respondents may not be available for the subsequent survey administration, making Student X's recommendation to ask both questions at the same time a legitimate and viable alternative. Second, 4 months is an arbitrary period of time that does not appear to be based on any corresponding supporting rationale, only the fact that it apparently sounded like a reasonable amount of time to allow to elapse to Student Y.
It is important to note, though, that the recommendation by Student Y to ask the two questions 4 months apart, though, may have some merit as well. For instance, by introducing a lengthy delay between asking these questions, respondents may help provide additional insights concerning the relationship between the respondents' beliefs about acquiring a disease and one of the factors that can precipitate it.
A superior solution would be to administer the survey with both questions to one-half of the respondents at the same time and introduce the 4-month delay in asking the second question for the other one-half and compare the results...
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1529). Linked to but separate from attachment theory, cognitive theories focus on identifying deficient or distorted cognitive structures and processes that may contribute to a disorder (Mash & Barkley, 2003). Taken together, the foregoing findings suggest that both attachment theory and cognitive theory could be used to help identify internal and external factors that may contribute to the development of Munchausen's syndrome. References Buchanan, G.M. & Seligman, M.E.P. (1995). Explanatory style.
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