Institutions can be utilitarian, normative, or coercive ("Formal Organization Structure: Utilitarian, Normative & Coercive," n.d.). Coercive institutions are relatively easy to identify in that they have strict rules of membership and maintain tight control over members. Many coercive institutions are also "assimilating" in nature, in that they depend on the indoctrination of members. Cults are examples of coercive and assimilating institutions, and so is the military. These are both also "total" institutions because they create a self-contained society or subculture that exists separately and relatively independently from the dominant culture. In addition to cults and the military, there are only a few other overt examples of coercive institutions including some educational institutions and the criminal justice institutions for convicted felons, such as prisons. Although large organized religions like Christianity and Islam can be perceived of at times as being "total," as well as assimilating and coercive, they are generally more normative in their nature and function. The military provides the most accessible example of a coercive institution. Once an individual decides to enlist, he or she must conform to certain rules and standards of behavior that set the person apart from the civilian society....
As Dornbursch (1955) puts it, the function of the military academy is "to make officers out of civilians," through a concerted process of assimilation (p. 316). Assimilation occurs in a number of different ways: through the creation of a sense of shared mission and values usually linked to patriotism, honor and duty. Individuals are socially coerced into remaining a part of the organization, and would be shamed if they left it with a "dishonorable discharge." Through their uniforms and creation of a uniform appearance in hairstyle, military officers develop a "total" subculture that subsumes individual identity. When the person is home on leave, he or she switches identity to the role of wife, sister, husband, or son. In the military institution, though, that person's role is strictly defined by his or her rank.
Leadership Styles Among Male and Female Principal It is the intention of this research to study the leadership and cognitive styles of teachers and instructors of both genders within the educational system and their preference for types of leadership in a principal of that institution. The research will include teachers and educators from all levels of the educational system from grade school to high school. The study will also include teachers and
But in the 30s, most waves of Korean migrants came in because of the policy of forced conscription. Japan's economy rapidly improved at the time and there was a huge demand for labor. This and industrialization led to the creation of a Japanese national mobilization plan. This plan, in turn, led to the conscription of roughly 600,000 Koreans. Japan's military forces continued to expand and the government had to
Leadership and Change Management Consider a change that has been recently introduced in your organization. Using relevant change and leadership theories, critically analyze the benefits and problems that introduction of this change has brought. TO WHAT EXTENT HAS LEADERSHIP CONTRIBUTED TO THE RESULTS OF THIS PROCESS? RasgGas is a joint venture gas company between Qatar Petroleum, the State of Qatar's national oil and gas company (majority stakeholder), and ExxonMobil, an American Integrated
For countries such as the U.S. And France, these needs can be reasonably expected to relate to the respective national cultures involved. For instance, in their book, Education in France, Corbett and Moon (1996) report, "An education system needs to justify itself constantly by reference to the values which underpin a nation's culture. In a democracy it is expected to transmit a range of intellectual, aesthetic and moral values
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