Paarlberg, R. (2008). The ethics of modern agriculture. Society. Vol. 46 (1) 4-8.
This is one of the few works that directly addresses the topic, where the author outlines the utilitarian calculus of modern agriculture as the basis for analyzing its ethics. There have been dramatic positive changes from modern agriculture techniques, he notes, at least in the short run. The author notes that there is a sort of apparent conflict in warning others not to make the same mistakes that we have made, even as we continue to make the same mistakes, and reap the economic rewards of those mistakes. On one hand, we are not wrong to caution others, on the other hand, we are unwilling to follow our own good advice. The factory mentality of today's farms has given rise to a number of ethical dilemmas, and this arises most clearly with the case of meat. We eat far more than we need to, yet it is the most wasteful and cruel element of the agricultural system. The author uses these examples and others to sum up the ethical dilemmas faced by modern agriculture, which has boosted short run productivity, but at significant costs that are typically hidden from the consumer.
Pfeiffer, D .(2011). Eating Fossil Fuels: Oil, Food and the Coming Crisis in Agriculture. New Society Publishes: Gabriola Island, BC.
This book outlines the role that fossil fuels play in the modern agricultural system. The author notes that much of modern production increases owes itself to fossil fuels, and that as our supply thereof runs low, we will find it difficult to sustain our current levels of food production. This is not even taking into account climate change, which will further challenge our abilities to feed ourselves. The author uses a number of examples to highlight the...
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