5-3:1. Primary biliary cirrhosis accounting for only 1.5% of deaths from cirrhosis is mostly found in females and ethanol-related cirrhosis is greatly found in males. Age-specific death rates in the United States tend to be greatest in the older age groups, topping at 49 per 100,000 males aged from 65-74 years and at 26.7 per 100,000 women of the age group from 75-84 years. (Cirrhosis: (www.emedicine.com)
Diagnosis and Imaging Modalities:
Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography are suggested as imaging modalities for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. In cases of patients doubtful for diffuse liver disease, ultrasound of the liver is being used as a screening-imaging tool and it is useful in for follow-up examinations. In order to make the presence of liver disease to be clear, computed tomography is usually carried out and it is detected by ultrasound. Against this background, extrahepatic situation and precise assessment of the vascular structures of the liver are necessary. Making use of contrast-enhanced MR imaging along with liver specific contrast media, the diagnosis of diffuse liver disease and categorization of morphologic variations is being enhanced. Complete assessment of cirrhosis is possible with combined magnetic resonance imaging. (Hammersting; Schwarz; Schmitt; Faust; Dietrich; Zeuzem; Vogl, p. 852)
With this, a superior detection rate and categorization of regenerating nodules can be attained in comparison to imaging modalities like ultrasound and computed tomography. Using un-enhanced and liver-specific-contrast-enhanced sequence protocols, MR imaging can be carried out as a single technique to assess the liver parenchyma. Also, MR cholangiography is used to confirm the bile duct system, and MR angiography is used to identify the vascular situation. This technique is the best protocol for diagnostic imaging in patients who are suffering from liver cirrhosis and the method of choice to arrive at the final diagnosis. (Hammersting; Schwarz; Schmitt; Faust; Dietrich; Zeuzem; Vogl, p. 852)
Treatment:
Treatment for cirrhosis is aimed at averting additional liver damage and at managing the complications of cirrhosis. The following are the treatment methods to be adopted. Alcohol and wrong medications are to be ended. Upper endoscopy with banding or sclerosis is to be used for treating bleeding varices. Surplus abdominal...
This also serves as an important catalytic effects for the bonding of mothers to their babies even before they are born. It is also called the "re-assurance scans" and misnamed as "entertainment scans." Some specialists do not recommend 3-D and 4-D ultrasound as manadatory development of the conventional 2-D scans. Although these may play a part in the study of fetal embryology. There were many researches done on the in-vitro
Physics -- History of Ultrasound Physics and Properties of Transducer The history of Ultrasound Physics has involved contributions from many professions from a number of countries over hundreds of years. The first developments, dating as far back as 1794, were made by scientists outside the medical profession and were often disconnected from each other. As science progressed and scientists combined these discoveries, the medical profession gradually realized the value of ultrasound
Bonsanto, MM, et al. "3D ultrasound navigation in syrinx surgery - a feasibility study." Acta Neurochirurgica 54.4 (2005): 540-1. This article talks about the different designsmof the ultrasounds. It deals with the construction, and assessment of a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound system which is utilized for the treatment of kidney tumors which are using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This tpye of method contains of a therapeutic ultrasound distribution unit (power amplifier, matching
History of Ultrasound Physics and the Properties of the Transducer Today, innovations in medical imaging allow clinicians to view the soft tissues, organs and blood flow inside the human body in ways that provide the opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of disorders as well as to monitor neonatal health (Goldberg & Verny, 2007). The introduction of ultrasound technologies, though, has only taken place since the
Very near the beginning of World War II, Karl Dussik began exploring ultrasound technology for diagnostic purposes by "attempted to locate brain tumors and the cerebral ventricles by measuring the transmission of ultrasound beam through the skull" (Woo 7). This experiment produced disappointing results, and the development of this apparatus was not pursued further because of the elaborate set-up, and lack of clear visual representations of the brain. However, at about
Ultrasound in Teaching Medical Students During medical courses, teaching of anatomy and physiology largely depends on lectures, course books and the dissection of corpses. Ultrasonography is more often than not used in clinical practice and an accumulating number of doctors are taught on its daily use. Contemporary ultrasound machines are less burdensome and more user friendly in comparison to older ones. The main goal of the study encompassed evaluating the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now