Moreover, the "Great Leap Forward" was a negative response to "urban-centered planning strategies; and the "Cultural Revolution" involved the "excision of tens of millions of urban educated from the cities" in an effort to "dissipate the new and threatening forces of urban-based elitism" (Kirkby, p. 5). As to what tasks the government has taken regarding urbanization since 1949, Article 10 of the 1958 law ordered each residence to have a "hukou bu" (permanent registration booklet) designed to "anchor people to their native places," Kirkby writes, and to "prevent unauthorized movement" into cities (p. 25). In 1978 China ushered in an "open policy" which was followed by a big increase in the urbanization. A United Nations University article states that the "regional distribution of the urbanization level I still similar" to what was happening prior to the open policy and economic reforms (http://unu.edu). Why? The provincial variation in the urbanization level in China "is positively related to per capita economic output, industrialization level, and land area," and it is "negatively related to population density" (http://unu.edu). Challenges faced by China: a) "Widespread pollution problems and a tidal wave of migration" hitting China's cities; b) "More than 170 cities will need mass transit systems by 2025"; and c) entirely new forms of infrastructure...
(2008). China's Urban Challenge. Retrieved March 18, 2011, from http://news.asiaone.com.China's One Child Policy Historically, it is noted that Mao Zedong, once a China president encouraged population growth which saw the population of China almost double during that period of his leadership. This led to overpopulation and the stretching of the social amenities and most importantly the economy. In order to address this challenge, the one -- child policy was introduced in China. This is a policy which forbids any family
We also know that they engaged in robust trade, both domestic and foreign and even over the Hindu Kush and into the Persian Gulf areas. Between 1800-1700 BC, though, most of the cities were abandoned, perhaps from environmental reasons (deforestation, etc.) and perhaps from invasion from Central Asia (Bentley, et.al., pp. 49-50). By 3000 BCE, Ancient China had developed larger regional states and political/social units called dynasties. Each succeding dynasty
China's Rise: The strategic Stake While we have so far discussed the positive economic impact of a growing China from the perspective of Australia, there are also some concerns about China's growing stature and the changing strategic balance. As a communist nation, the U.S. And its allies including Japan have always viewed China with caution. China has repeatedly claimed that it is fully committed to peaceful economic growth as Zha Peixin,
Repatriation of profits have proven to be a problem as well. Fourth, as stated by Staff (2004) is the challenge presented by poor training in the sector which is stated to be "...weak both at a practical level as well as at a higher strategic level" and the problem has only been exaggerated due to the government and other regulatory authorities in China to promote logistics programs." (Staff, 2004)
She then receives abuses at home and at school for her choices, even though her choices are directly evident of communist ideals. She therefore feels as if no one from the principle to the janitors respect her and she receives no respect even at home. Cuiyuan faces a universal challenge, as her ideals have told her that the right thing to do is study hard and achieve academic success,
China's Urban Housing Development -- a Shift from Welfare Housing to Home Ownership The challenge of housing in China has been on the national agenda for more that four decades now. A lot of efforts have been directed by the government to help solve the challenge and it has substantially achieved a significant mileage. This paper will delve into the policies informing the urban housing reforms, the evolution that the housing
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