The model of the "social structural child" sees the childhood as a social system comparable to the other social categories. Though, the childhood system is different from the others and even marginalized, fact well pointed out in the "minority group child" model. The model of the "tribal child" is more concentrated on the children's world, which is considered to have its own separate culture. The "socially constructed child" model is an alternative to the others, more flexible because of the continuous process of construction and development, according to the different social contexts in time and the relations between them.
James, Jenks and Prout (1998), treat the subject of the childhood socialization with different views, the past, present and the future theories.In the first section of the book they treat the theoretical and historical childhood studies, based, beside sociology, on the psychological and philosophical contexts.
In the final section of the book, they identify four themes of childhood theory, keeping the remained questions of the future, regarding the relations between structure and agency, local and global, identity and difference, and continuity and change. These approaches, seen on the figure two from the page 206, reveal the different models of childhood and the relations between them in creating a new concept, but they also reveal their differences. That is why a multitude of interpretations are likely to be made out of it, making the need for more research in the field necessary. (James, Jenks and Prout, 1998).
Re-theorizing childhood as part of the social world is a very complex process, which gathers together all the theories from the past in starting a new, but more difficult responsibility, the one of finding the wrong ways taken before and learning from these mistakes by conceiving a new-born view over the children.
In Ashe and others (1999), the authors take a conceptual examination of the present theories, naming the chapters in relation with different themes like: "power," "the subject," "the body" etc. In each chapter, they deal with the relative subject from the perspective of the most important transformations of the concept and the debates regarding it.
Children as a group are treated like a minority because of the way power is distributed. The social institutions are empowered by the government with the right of having control over children. As the institutions are ruled by adults and thus they have all the power over the children, their position is seen as insignificant. Another point-of-view of this subject is the law, according to which the adults are responsible for the actions of their children. In contradiction, children are considered as irresponsible, so an adult can always make use of his earned power over a child. This authority adults have over children, expressed by the power, is stopped many times by the children's resistance, which limits this power in favor of the children. On page 85, there is a reference to "the on-going guerilla warfare of family life," which is a symbol of this every day fight to obtain a little more power in the parent/children relationship.(MacKenzie, pp. 69-87, 1999).
Other idea about power is that it can be shifted in a family relation....
Child abuse is one of the most dangerous and serious problems confronting society, perhaps because of the helplessness and innocence of the victims. What is particularly bothersome about child abuse is that it occurs in all income, racial, religious, and ethnic groups and in urban and rural communities. Likewise, there is no uniform definition of what constitutes child abuse, making it difficult to ascertain what prevention and treatment methods are
Child Abuse & Racial Inequality This brief report focuses the social conflict perspective of sociology while focusing on the racial inequalities within the reporting and handling of child abuse cases, both with the children themselves as well as the parents that stand accused. Indeed, the reporting and handling of these cases is deemed by many to be disparate, unfair or non-existent as it pertains to racial minorities and their children. The
232). References Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19. Bradley, R.H., & Corwyn, R.F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 371. Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27. Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the
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Counseling: Reason behind Child AbuseAbstractEvery child living in any area of the world has the birthright of living a safe, protected, and happy life. Still, numerous children fall victim to child abuse in various forms. The children who have suffered across generations are uncountable since some of the cases go unreported. This research proposal aims to ruminate over the same issue by detecting the reasons for child abuse all over
Social Policy: Child Abuse and Neglect One of the essential components of the social work profession is safeguarding children from neglect and abuse. Professionals in this field work towards ensuring that children are protected from abuse and neglect in order to promote their development and growth into healthy, well-being adults. To achieve these goals, social work professionals carry out several initiatives including creating, implementing, and evaluating policy initiatives. The various initiatives
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