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Childhood Stress "Between A Touchy Research Paper

" (p. 420). A study conducted by Rekert et al. (2007) examined the following variables for 234 college students:

both mother and father care and overprotection, participant gender, family environment variables including conflict and control, adult attachment variables, attributional style and control-related cognitive variables, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

The results of the study confirmed other studies' results regarding the impact of overprotection. As was found with the other studies, overprotection resulted in anxiety and depression among college students.

Discussion

This paper has shown the detrimental effects of overprotective parenting. Overprotective parenting results from a desire from parents trying to maintain psychological control their children. This may be a result of the parents own anxieties which creates worrisome parenting. Parents attempt to protect their children from experiencing stress. However, in this attempt parents are actually creating many harmful effects. These effects may begin prior to birth and be exhibited through pre-term birth, low birth weight and lower head circumference. These in turn lead to neurodevelopmental as well as emotional and behavioral impacts in childhood. This is exhibited by shyness and social anxiety as children, as well as loneliness, social anxiety and depression as adolescents. Eventually these detriments are carried into adulthood where studies have shown that young adults experience adjustment disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, and depression.

While parents may have the best intentions in attempting to protect their children from stress, they would actually benefit from experiencing the stress. According to Hortrum (1994), it is important to teach children how to cope with stress rather than protecting them from stress. Allowing children to deal with stressful situations helps them develop resiliency and coping strategies.

References:

Chorpita, B.F., &...

The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 3-21. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3
Coplan, R.J., Arbeau, K.A., & Armer, M. (2008). Don't fret, be supportive! maternal characteristics linking child shyness to psychosocial and school adjustment in kindergarten Springer Science & Business Media. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9183-7

Giotakos, O. (2002). Parenting received in childhood and early separation anxiety in male conscripts with adjustment disorder Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/217062069?accountid=27965

Hortrum, P., (1994). The age of anxiety (1994). Psychology Today. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214441790?accountid=27965

Lazinski, M.J., Shea, a.K., & Steiner, M. (2008). Effects of maternal prenatal stress on offspring development: A commentary Springer Science & Business Media. doi:10.1007/s00737-008-0035-4

Love, K.M. (2008). Parental attachments and psychological distress among African-American college students Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195185864?accountid=27965

Mills, R., Freeman, W., Clara, I., Elgar, F., Walling, B., & Mak, L. (2007). Parent proneness to shame and the use of psychological control Springer Science & Business Media. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9091-4

Rekart, K., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R.E., & Griffith, J.W. (2007). Perceived family environment and symptoms of emotional disorders: The role of perceived control, attributional style, and attachment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(4), 419-436. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9131-4

Spokas, M., & Heimberg, R.G. (2009). Overprotective parenting, social anxiety, and external locus of control: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(6), 543-551. doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9227-5

Sources used in this document:
References:

Chorpita, B.F., & Barlow, DH (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 3-21. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3

Coplan, R.J., Arbeau, K.A., & Armer, M. (2008). Don't fret, be supportive! maternal characteristics linking child shyness to psychosocial and school adjustment in kindergarten Springer Science & Business Media. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9183-7

Giotakos, O. (2002). Parenting received in childhood and early separation anxiety in male conscripts with adjustment disorder Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/217062069?accountid=27965

Hortrum, P., (1994). The age of anxiety (1994). Psychology Today. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214441790?accountid=27965
Love, K.M. (2008). Parental attachments and psychological distress among African-American college students Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195185864?accountid=27965
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