They are compounds that have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are 3 forms of carbohydrates. First are the monosaccharides which are simple sugars. They have simple structures in the ration of 1:2:1. They usually contain 5-6 atoms of carbon arranged in a 5-6 member ring. Oligosaccharides are monosaccharides which are combined in short strings that are linked together through dehydration synthesis. Sucrose is one of the oligosaccharides. It is a disaccharide since it consists of simply two monosaccharides. The last form are the polysaccharides which are straight or branched chains of monosaccharides joined together. Polysaccharides store energy. In animals, the storage polysaccharide is glycogen while in plants, it is starch Johnson 37-38()
Lipids
Lipids are insoluble organic molecules. There are three subclasses. First are the triglycerides which are neutral fats synthesized from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Fatty acids on the other hand are chains of hydrocarbons with about 16-18 carbons which end in a carboxyl group (COOH). Triglycerides are stored in adipose or fat tissue and in the body, they are an important source of energy for storage. The second group is the phospholipids which are the primary component in the structure of cell membranes. Phospholipids have one molecule of glycerol but only two fatty acids. Steroids are the last group. They are composed of four rings and a backbone of 3 six-membered rings of carbon and 1 five-membered carbon ring. A good example of steroids is cholesterol Johnson 39-40()
Proteins
Proteins are long strings of amino acids. All proteins in the human body consist of about 20 different amino acids. Each of these amino acids has an NH3 (amino) group on one of its ends and a carboxyl group on the other end. They also have a C-H group in the middle and a group that is represented by R. Johnson 40()
The function of each protein depends on its own structure. Proteins can be divided into four structure levels. Primary structure is represented by the sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure is described by the orientation in space of the chain of amino acids e.g. A helix or beta shape. Tertiary structure is how the...
living things are characterized by the following seven characteristics namely mobility, respiration, excretion, sensitivity or response to external stimulus, growth, feeding, and reproduction. Though there may be variations between animal and plant kingdom (ex, plants take in carbon dioxide and prepare their own food), these characteristics are commonly observed among all living things. Biology is a very broad field that encompasses the study of characteristics of living things. It includes
There are about 6 billion nucleotide letters of a particular sequence in a human cell. The full set is known as the genome. DNA information is found in units called genes. One gene codes roughly for one protein. The proteins perform most of the functions of the body at the cellular level. Examples are digestion, the body's defense against disease, and transporting substances throughout the body. Thousands of proteins
The entire unit is known as a photosytem and in green plants, one finds two of these systems, photosystem I and photosystem II, both of which are involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Light energy absorbed by these pigments of the antenna complex is "passed to the reaction center chlorophyll molecules from which it passes along an electron-transport chain" (Blankenship, 215). Photosystems II contains a kind of chlorophyll a
The Golgi receives new proteins and lipids from the ER, finishes them up, addresses them and sends them to their final destination. In this way, the Golgi could be the postal service of the city. Lysosomes get rid of unusable waste within the cell and recycles those materials that can be reused, making it the recycling and garbage center of the city. Mitochondria are where ATP, the main energy
Importance of Studying Organic ChemistryOrganic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactivity of molecules that contain carbon atoms. This field of chemistry is important because carbon-based molecules make up the majority of all living things (Carey & Giuliano, 2013). By understanding how these molecules interact, researchers can gain a better understanding of how life functions at the most basic level. Additionally, organic chemistry plays a key role
Evolution of Chemistry to the Periodic Table of the Elements One of the differences between scientists of the 17th and 18th centuries vs. scientists today is that the chemists of times past were often theologians. They studied chemistry and other forms of science because they were incredibly devout and sought to understand how the world worked; they desired to better understand the hand of the creator (Ihde, 1990). Notable 17th Century Chemists Jean
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