Karl P's school, for example, introduced a Prevention, Action Resolution (PAR) Comprehensive Behavior Management system. This is a process-based model where collaborative teams join together to form consensus on a positive and supportive school-wide approach to behavior management for all children. It consists of plans and strategies to Specifically, plans and strategies to 1) prevent the occurrence of troubling behavior; 2) act, or respond to, instances of rule compliance and noncompliance in a consistent fashion; and 3) resolve many of the issues that underlie or cause troubling behavior (Rosenberg, 2004, p.12).
In this process, rules, procedures, and routines allow the adults in the school to communicate the behavioral standards and expectations of the learning environment to their students. Specifically, rules identify, define, and operationalize the school's conceptualization of acceptable behavior, and procedures spell out the steps necessary for the successful and appropriate completion of an activity, task, or operation. Succinct unambiguous rules and procedures serve as the discriminative stimuli for appropriate classroom behavior and actually motivate students to adhere to behavioral standards (ibid).
Another approach is the use of Positive Behavior Interventions System (PBIS), or "the application of positive behavioral interventions and systems to achieve socially important behavior change" (Sugai et al., 2000, p. 133). Under a system of PBS, intervention is focused on proactive prevention at three levels: primary or the entire system, prior to problems, secondary, or small groups of students, to reduce initial problems, and tertiary or individuals with the most intense problems, to prevent crises and long-term failure.
Other schools are relying on some good old common sense and increased communication. The survey noted above (District Administration 2004) indicates that 69% of teachers say finding ways to hold parents more accountable for kids' behavior would be an effective solution to the schools' discipline problems. All sides say it is imperative that...
(Renchler, 1993) Datcher-Loury researched a set of black children belonging to low income families from three regions to find out whether variations in educational performance were due to variation in behavior and attitudes within the families. Focused on the outcomes of the student's achievement on reading and math exams and also on the interviews with and examination of the mothers of the children; Datcher-Loury arrived at the decision that variations
Conservatives, on the other hand, have many passions and one of them is a color-blind government. Most of them believe that all policies of discrimination should be discarded. They view these policies as unwise, immoral and unconstitutional. Three conservative organizations submitted a collective brief to the Supreme Court on the Michigan cases. These organizations were the Center for Equal Opportunity, the Independent Women's Forum and the American Civil Rights
..control the environment by implementing a logical system (the teacher's, of course) of conditioning." (Tauber, 1999, p. 19) in this context the teacher is seen as an "interventionist" in that he or she has to control and dictate the learning and behavioral environment. "By accepting a position as a teacher, a person has not only the right but an 'obligation' to modify student behavior" (Axelrod, 1977, p. 158). In essence
Doctors Drugs Although the Affordable Health Care Act represents a step in the right direction towards encouraging all Americans to avail themselves of medical services, the bill fails to address the root causes of problems in the system. The American health care system is flawed because it is a for-profit model that places profits far ahead of patients. When profits come ahead of patients, the result is an inability to fulfill
133). In sum, low-income blacks and males continue to be responsible for a disproportionate number of juvenile homicidal acts, but juvenile homicide is not restricted to these age, ethnic or socioeconomic groups (Heckel & Shumaker, 2001). Impact of Family Violence on Incidence of Juvenile Homicide in the U.S. And New York. Around 14% of juvenile homicides involve family members as victims, compared to 55% that involve friends or acquaintances and 31%
This view is reflected in increasing calls for financial equity among schools, desegregation, mainstreaming, and standardized testing for teachers and students alike; it has been maintained that by providing the same education to all students, schools can equalize social opportunity (Bowman, 1994). This latter position is typically followed up with the use of a particular curriculum designed to support the approach. In this regard, Bowman suggests that, "Knowledge is thought
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