The causes of political turmoil and instability are always complex. The civil war in Syria, the insurgency of the Islamic State, and strife in Yemen, Bahrain, and other regions of the Middle East are extensions of decades-old, even centuries-old, conflicts between Sunni and Shia. Currently, Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in a sort of cold war scenario in which they are using proxies to fight their bigger overarching battles. Saying that the conflict is related to the Sunni-Shia divisions would be oversimplifying the case, although these ideological, cultural, and historical differences are in part to blame for the ongoing violence. As promising as it seemed at first, the Arab Spring ultimately caused uncertainty and instability, leaving power vacuums that Iran and Saudi still attempt to fill. Money, political power, and access to strategic oil reserves are also part of the reason why Iran and Saudi Arabia are fighting their proxy wars in the Middle East. The causes of the proxy wars between Saudi Arabia and Iran include the Sunni-Shia divide, the regional instability initiated by the Arab Spring, and a realpolitik vying for regional political and economic dominance.
One of the most important causes of the proxy wars between Iran and Saudi Arabia is the Sunni-Shia divide. The distal causes of the Sunni-Shia divide are traceable to the founder of Islam, the prophet Muhammad. When the prophet Muhammad died in the year 632, he did not name a successor and had no heir to clarify his legacy. A power struggle ensued, with one faction believing that a blood relative should assume the mantle of power and another believing that succession should be determined by a group of elite clerics (Shuster, 2007). Both sides seemingly neglected the core teachings of Muhammad, instead opting for outright violence and bloodshed. The animosity between Sunni and Shia has ensued ever since the 7th century, and is at the root of much of the current conflict in the Middle East. Currently, Iran is the biggest bastion of Shia Islam and Saudi Arabia the hub of Sunni culture.
The Sunni-Shia divide is partly related to power, control, and subordination, which is why it is a proximal cause of the current conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Throughout time, the Shia people have been the minority of the Muslim population (Shuster, 2007). As the minority group, Shia people have frequently experienced persecution. Being persecuted systematically...
References
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Aras, B. & Yorulmazlar, E. (2017). Mideast geopolitics. Middle East Policy 24(2): pp. 57-69
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Shuster, M. (2007). The origins of the Shiite-Sunni split. NPR. 12 Feb, 2007. https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2007/02/12/7332087/the-origins-of-the-shiite-sunni-split
War on Drugs Futile Failing and Nefariously Linked to the War on Terror Effectiveness of the War on Drugs Outline I. Introduction A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective 1. Opium wars 2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs” 3. History of drug use in different societies B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy. C. Effects of the war on drugs 1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as
Outline I. Introduction A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective 1. Opium wars (ACLU, 2020) 2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs” (Pearl, 2018) 3. History of drug use in different societies (ACLU, 2020) B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy (ACLU, 2020); Baumbauer, 2012). C. Effects of the war on drugs 1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities,
Management Strategy to Utilize Meta-Analysis Technique for Nuclear Energy and Waste Disposal and Create Social Sustainability This research proposal explores the link between public perceptions of nuclear power, how those perceptions are formed, and what influence those opinions have on energy policy. These issues are important in light of two realities. First, nuclear energy is declining in its share of global energy. Second, nuclear energy offers what might well be
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moriks58: Please Work on Chapter 1 and chapter 2 only "Management Strategy to utilize Meta-Analysis Technique for Nuclear Energy and Waste Disposal and create Social Sustainability A Dissertation Presented using the Meta-Analysis Technique Komi E Fiagbe Christina Anastasia PH-D Chair [Committee Name], [Degree], Committee Member [Committee Name], [Degree], Committee Member This research proposal explores the link between public perceptions of nuclear power, how those perceptions are formed, and what influence those opinions have on energy policy.
Meta-Analysis of Nuclear Energy and Waste Disposal in Social Sustainability A Dissertation Presented using the Meta-Analysis Technique Komi Emmanuel Fiagbe Gbedegan Christina Anastasia PH-D, Chair [Committee Name], [Degree], Committee Member [Committee Name], [Degree], Committee Member Date Approved Komi Emmanuel Fiagbe Gbedegan, 2016 This research proposal explores the link between public perceptions of nuclear power, how those perceptions are formed, and what influence those opinions have on energy policy. These issues are important in light of two realities.
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