Crime
The current designation of the major categories of crime in the U.S. can be traced to England following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Prior to this period the Church was the primary regulator of morality, but over time the Church began to lose control over the lives of people and the local governments began making regulations (Dworkin, 1978). After 1066 Henry II institutionalized law throughout England in order that it would be "common" to the country and he reinstated the jury system. Judges went from London across Great Britain to see cases and they would discuss cases with one another upon returning. This developed "case" law and judges used case law to decide future cases allowing the law to be "common" throughout England. Statutory law did not occur for several hundred years later. There were three basic crimes under the common law: treason (high and petty), felonies (with and without the benefit of clergy), and misdemeanors. There was also a big distinction between a felony and a misdemeanor, and this has been retained to some extent today. One charged with a misdemeanor was entitled to a written copy of the accusation, an attorney, and a special jury. Someone charged with a felony was not entitled to any of these rights (Dworkin, 1978). When the U.S. followed this general scheme states were allowed to modify the laws and at the state level, thus in some cases the situation can be variable (Gaines & Miller, 2006).
The five major categories of crime are based on their severity are:
1. Treason was actually defined as a crime in the United States Constitution to avoid misuses of common law that...
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