Radiological x-ray analysis
Introduction
Radiology has formed the medicines major scope, forming the gold standard diagnostic needed to perform surgical interventions.
This diagnostic technique uses the technology of imaging the body systems and is used to make prompt treatments. Examinations used under radiology include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, other related diagnostic criteria. This project focuses on the X-ray as a diagnostic tool in surgical investigations.
Posterior to anterior
(Bhandary et al., 2020).
The mediastinum
Left lung
Right lung
The posterior to anterior projection, commonly known as the PA, is an anatomical position used to take x-ray pictures in patients. The x-ray beam passes through the patients bodies. The beam of light passing through the patients body significantly determines the clarity and the contrast of the image.
The patient normally assumes an erect position and upright posture, the markedly raised and shoulders anteriorly rotated to subject the two scapular bones to deflect laterally from the lungs.
PA radiograph is taken when the patient stands in a position with his/her anterior chest wall facing towards and closer to the film; the patients is then asked to perform a deep inhalation and hold breath, the beam of x-ray is then passed from the posterior towards the anterior region to distinctively expose the internal anatomical structures under the view on the film. This position brings the heart closer to the film than the anterior-posterior view (Chouhan et al., 2020).
The anatomical structures visualized using this position include the lungs, trachea, the diaphragm, the mediastinal area, pleura, soft tissues, and other structures related to the thoracic cavity.
The PA radiograph is commonly ordered to investigate the pathologies of the thoracic cavity, which includes; metastatic diseases, chest trauma, enlargement of the superior vena cava, which occurs in congestive heart failure, an aortic aneurysm in the branches, lymphadenopathies, hepatic enlargements, pneumothorax, hemothorax, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammation within the trachea, stenosis of the trachea, thoracic masses and splenomegaly.
The beam of x-ray is usually passed within a distance of six feet from the patient; the patient is asked to sit in an upright position.
The x-ray beams distance from the patient determines how clearer and sharper the radiograph image will appear.
Left lateral chest x-ray
(Deftereos et al., 2020). The vertebral column
The peritoneal space
The left lateral chest x-ray is not commonly performed nowadays as a diagnostic modality as it has been substituted for the computed tomography scan (CT). However, some pathological investigations have put the practice into use.
The lateral view is usually essential in viewing the structures behind the heart within the retrosternal airspace. Anatomically, space is located between the sternum and the heart. It is taken when the patient is on the left side of the film.
This view brings the lesions located just behind the hearts left side into visibility and the general view of the structures on the thoraxs left side. The anatomical structures under the left lateral view include the aortic arch, scapula, left ventricle of the heart, left atrium, descending aorta, sternal body, inferior vena cava, and the retroperitoneal space.
Radiographic view on the x-ray of the left lateral compartment of the...
…al., 2020).Investigated pathologies include pneumoperitoneum, osteoporosis of the vertebral bones, potts disease, fractures of the vertebral and pelvic bones, and displacement of vertebral discs.
The orientation and the exposure adjustments make the image clearer and sharper.
Lower gastrointestinal tract series
(Togo et al., 2019).
colon
Irritable bowel syndrome
During this procedure, the patient is placed lying on their right side with their abdomen touching the vertical surface (right decubitus). The beam of rays is projected horizontally to enter the body midline and at the iliac crest level.
The medial aspect of the descending colon and the lateral ascending colons are both filled with air.
The imaged is obtained by positioning the patient on the examination table; a tube is then inserted through the rectum to deliver barium sulfate and water into the colon. Air may also be pushed into the colon to provide another contrast (Yan et al., 2020).
While the imaging is being done, the patient is asked to hold their breath to hold the contrast in place while the procedure is being carried out.
The anatomical structures and artifacts visualized using this diagnostic tool are the colon and the rectum.
A barium enema is indicted in the investigations of suspected lower gastrointestinal pathologies, which may include; diverticulosis, Hirschsprung disease, sigmoid colon, Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, constipation, suspected Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, blood in the stool, benign tumors, metastatic tumors, suspected narrowing along the colon and congenital anomalies.
However, this process is contraindicated in patients with colonic perforation and acute abdomen.
This processs accuracy is improved using a higher emission x-ray beam and the distance between the patient and the…
References
Bhandary, A., Prabhu, G. A., Rajinikanth, V., Thanaraj, K. P., Satapathy, S. C., Robbins, D. E., ... & Raja, N. S. M. (2020). Deep-learning framework to detect lung abnormality–A study with chest X-Ray and lung CT scan images. Pattern Recognition Letters, 129, 271-278.
Chouhan, V., Singh, S. K., Khamparia, A., Gupta, D., Tiwari, P., Moreira, C., ... & De Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2020). A novel transfer learning-based approach for pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images. Applied Sciences, 10(2), 559.
Deftereos, S. P., Foutzitzi, S., Karagiannakis, G., Aggelidou, M., Cassimos, D. C., & Kambouri, K. (2020). Constipation and dilated bowel: Hirschsprung’s disease is not always the case. Clinics and Practice, 10(4), 100-102.
Hashir, M., Bertrand, H., & Cohen, J. P. (2020, September). Quantifying the Value of Lateral Views in Deep Learning for Chest X-rays. In Medical Imaging with Deep Learning (pp. 288-303). PMLR.
Hoda, R. S., Sanyal, S., Abraham, J. L., Everett, J. M., Hundemer, G. L., Yee, E., ... & Misdraji, J. (2017). Lanthanum deposition from oral lanthanum carbonate in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Histopathology, 70(7), 1072-1078.
Ng, J., Linn, K. A., Shmon, C. L., Parker, S., & Zwicker, L. A. (2020). The left lateral projection is comparable to horizontal beam radiography for identifying experimental small volume pneumoperitoneum in the canine abdomen. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 61(2), 130-136.
Rubin, J., Sanghavi, D., Zhao, C., Lee, K., Qadir, A., & Xu-Wilson, M. (2018). Large-scale automated reading of frontal and lateral chest x-rays using dual convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.07839.
Saragih, N. T., Pasaribu, N., & Laia, H. (2020). Cases of Acute Abdomen Radiography With Perforation At General Hospital Haji Adam Malik: Cases of Acute Abdomen Radiography With Perforation At General Hospital Haji Adam Malik. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing, 2(1), 78-82.
Togo, R., Yamamichi, N., Mabe, K., Takahashi, Y., Takeuchi, C., Kato, M., ... & Haseyama, M. (2019). Detection of gastritis by a deep convolutional neural network from double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiography. Journal of gastroenterology, 54(4), 321-329.
Yan, J., Sun, J., Wu, R., Tan, S. S., Chen, Y., Peng, Y., & Chen, Y. (2020). Barium enema findings in total colonic aganglionosis: a single-center, retrospective study. BMC pediatrics, 20(1), 1-8.
For this reason, it is critical to ascertain the causes of word reading difficulties in order to identify these problems and provide appropriate instruction as early as possible. (Allor, 2002, p. 47) Spear-Swerling & Sternberg note that the fundamental reason that children need to be screened for difficulties in pre-reading skills is that once the child is supposed to, by grade level be able to perform certain tasks it may
Opportunities . Indian elevator market growth is very promising in the 1995 timeframe, which is when this case study takes place. The low-end of the Indian elevator market is experiencing 27% increases in unit shipments, and 17% unit increases overall. . The market itself is highly fragmented for elevators in India. 70% of the demand for elevators is at the low-end of the market; 20% at the middle-end, and 10% at the top-end. . High levels of recurring
Treatment Plan: The treatment plan should include medication for high blood pressure and diabetes. Indeed, according to some evidence, the long term usage of diuretic antihypertensives to reduce the presence of excess salts in the body can help to lower blood pressure. (Klatt, 1) Given that the subject of this discussion also suffers from an elevated risk of myocardial infarction, the danger of cardiac arrest or general heart failure is of greater concern than the presence of
Josie Case Study The author of this report is asked to look at a case study relating to a young girl named Josie. The author is asked to answer to four particular high level questions and provide clear and concrete advice and solution to each of the four. Those four questions, in order, asked for risk factors, what should be done, what roadblocks will occur and the key legal/ethical considerations that
curriculum committee proceed with the work yet to be done? The curriculum committee should solicit information from all stakeholders, including part-time faculty, current students, and also the five acute care hospitals which are a part of the university network. It should create a map for future curriculum development, complete with specific deadlines for a timeline of activities. Unless goals are specifically set with a deadline-driven focus, it is far too
Innovation and Creativity: Case Study of Facebook "FACEMASH TO FACEBOOK: AN INNOVATIVE JOURNEY FROM UNIVERSITY SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITE TO BILLION DOLLAR Business" On 28th October, 2003, Mark Zukerberg wrote Facemash in order to create a social networking website for the students of Harvard. At that time he was not aware that he was starting a whole new era of social networking innovation and creativity. What was started as a tool of social
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now