¶ … Career Development
THEORIES OF CARRRIER DEVELOPMENT
Major Theories of Career Development
Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
Theory of Work Adjustment was developed in 1964 by Rene Dawis, George England and Lloyd Lofquist from the university of Minnesota. This theory of work adjustment (TWA) is a comprehensive model of work/job adjustment based on the concept of correspondence between an individual and his environment. Dawis and Lofquist (1964) defined work adjustment as the process of achieving and maintaining the correspondence. The work environment needs some who can perform the task and the individual brings his knowledge and skills to perform the task. In return, the individual expects compensation for his performance and safe place to work.
The main focus of this model is the idea that the environment and the individual both mist meet each other's requirement in order to maintain the relationship. The degree at which the requirement of both is met is called the correspondence. If the abilities of an individual correspond closely with the requirements of environment/work, then he will be perceived as satisfactory. Similarly if the compensation corresponds to the individuals' expectations, he will be satisfied by the environment. TWA consists of two models; a predictive model and a process model.
Predictive Model
The predictive model of TWA focuses on those variable that help find out if the individuals are satisfied with their work environments and if the individuals are satisfactory for the work environments. The results obtained thorough these variables help to predict the tenure of the individual in the work environments.
Process Model
The process model increases the ability of the work adjustment model to understand how the adjustment has occurred and maintained during time. It focuses on how the fit between the individuals and the work can be maintained. TWA suggests that the adjustment style of the individuals determines how they behave in the condition of dis-correspondence. Dis-correspondence is a situation in which either an individual or environment are not satisfied with each other. Adjustment style consists of four variables: flexibility, active adjustment, reactive adjustment and perseverance (Brown and Lent, 2013).
Application of the Theory of Work Adjustment in Work Settings
The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) states the relationship of individual with his work environment. This theory is very helpful for the counselors in helping clients to choose profession according to their needs and...
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