Physical proof of cardiovascular disease contains the narrow pulse pressure, cool arms, and legs, and sometimes changed mentation, with supporting proof sometimes provided by reducing serum sodium level and deteriorating renal function. Cardiovascular disease is frequently difficult to recognize through phone contact but may be suspected when previously effective diuretic increases fail, nurses report lower blood pressure, or patients explain improved lethargy.
Facilitators and barriers to optimal disorder management and outcomes
Environmental factors and cultural beliefs; motivators and hinders
In this case, the client thought he was suffering from a heart attack and feared to come to the hospital. The symptoms had presented for four days before the patient sought help. The patient had been suffering from similar symptoms for the past six months, but thought that he just out of shape. It was worse upon admission to the hospital. Prior to this, the symptoms disappeared with the rest.
There is proof that cardiovascular patients suffer from social discrimination that is associated with a higher death rate. Although studies outlined that the social assistance is not highly associated with better self-care, a review research mentioned that social assistance was prognostic in cardiac patients. Empirical evidence shows that a supportive atmosphere is crucial for creating positive emotions and enhancing almost all self-care elements in the patient. Patients who have the opportunity to discuss their problems and those who get involved in social activities reveal enhanced self-care. By way an example, eating alone reduces someone's inspiration to cook and share foods resulting in an improved intake of 'microwave dinners' often with high sodium content
Cultural principles might give the patient a misdirected perception of cardiac disease. Majority of cardiac patients think, for example, that cardiac disease results from stress or simply associated with old age. As a result, the patient tries to get over a traumatic situation by not following medical training. In addition, cultural preferences often trigger problems with adherence to a healthy diet plan. However, personal values and cultural beliefs may assist some factors of self-care such as medication adherence. Dickson and her associates revealed that the spirituality influences self-care favorably (Gulanick, 2007).
Psychological factors
Evidence reveals that depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease are more prevalent than in the general population. On the other hand, depressive disorders leading to lack of energy results in negative effects on self-care. Additionally, depressive disorders may increase the risk of death in this group of patients. Whereas experiencing positive feelings allows people to engage in behaviors that secure their positive condition. Previous studies indicate that depression and hopelessness are a serious problem for patients with cardiovascular disease (Miller & Taylor, 2005). This affects self-care confidence, self-care management, though; adherence to medication does not affect depression levels. Offering conditions in which the patient may continue with his leisure activities and supporting him to have a better quality life can result in enhanced moods and self-care ability.
Strategies to overcome the identified barriers
The patient with the cardiac disease is facing a stressful situation and changes in life conditions. As such, they employ a range of defense systems and coping techniques that can either be enabling or not. Common responses of such a patient, suffering from cardiac disease include denial then approval. Denial and avoidance reduce the ability of the patient to take good care of himself. Disavowal helps the patient to deal with his mental stress without neglecting the reality of his disease. Acceptance is a coping strategy that has both positive and adverse effects on the different personality under different cultural environments.
In order to handle contextual problems such as cultural issues, educators, and health providers need to have good interaction abilities such as reflective listening, concern, and recognizing patients' individual principles. Effective interaction abilities and trust have a mutual relationship; by enhancing one, of the variables increases the other variable. However, poor doctor-patient interaction is an important barrier to self-care in cardiovascular patients. Beliefs in medication are the most powerful forecaster of adherence than socio-demographic factors and medical situation. A lack of believe in medical professionals along with individual principles and cultural beliefs may stop patients from looking for help when symptoms intensify because the signs can be culturally recognized to be unmanageable and have to be approved stoically (Bunting-Perry & Vernon, 2007).
Care plans synthesis
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Healthy Behaviors
Cardiac risk factors are the conditions, actions, or aspects that increase an individual's chance of developing cardiac arrest. Factors such as age, race, or genetics are risk factors that cannot be changed. However, many more risk factors can be changed to prevent damage to the patient's arteries. This plan offers multiple strategies and settings to target these changeable risk factors to be effective in managing cardiovascular health.
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
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Locating and Critically Analysing Primary Research Articles In their study, Housholder-Hughes et al. (2015) investigate the usefulness of a nurse-led disease management program for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) following discharge from hospital. The study shows that ACS patients who attended the program after discharge depicted greater adherence to evidence-based self-management behaviour, improved mental and physical health, as well as increased satisfaction with care. The 12-week program -- broken down
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Sometimes, studies show that elderly patients are perceived not to be in pain because they do not complain about pain, or that the perceive it differently than younger people. In both receptive and non-receptive patients, one can observe facial tics and/or grimaces, blood pressure (elevated blood pressure sometimes indicates more pain), body temperature, and even mobility. For the functional patient, assessment can be done by observation of body movement, gait,
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Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes is described as a condition that results from a chronic problem of hyperglycaemia that is brought about by insulin inaction in the body system. Diabetes type II is a condition that fronts the case for a range of diabetic problems characterised by some pathophysiological symptoms, including increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The problems observed in the cell function and the deteriorating pancreatic conditions
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