Capital Punishment
The issue of the death penalty and capital crime has become one of the dominant issues debated in contemporary culture. The reason for this is firstly a moral questioning of the right to take a life, even when it is in retribution for extreme crimes like murder. The foundation of this contemporary attitude lie in the view that modern culture and society should be able to deal with extreme crime in a more humane and therapeutic way than is at present the case.
The issue of capital punishment also leads to hosts of pertinent issues and questions that often extend further than confines of the topic and have a direct and indirect connection to social, cultural and sociological issues. One of the most relevant issues debated today is the fallibility of the legal system. Many critics refer to statistics that prove numerous people have been executed as a result of legal or other errors. On the other hand, the reality of extreme crime is undeniable and those who are in favor of the death penalty point out that there seem to be no other alternative, except social anarchy. These and other related areas form the basis of this study, which attempts to combine these disparate arguments into a coherent whole.
Proposal: The Death Penalty
In the 21st century the death penalty is considered by most civilized nations around the world as a cruel and inhuman form of punishment. It has been abolished de jure or de facto by 106 nations; and 30 countries have abolished the death penalty since 1990. However, there are still many nations who practice this form of punishment for extreme crimes. For example, the death penalty is used extensively in countries like China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the United States and Iran. Many people also question the fact that the U.S. is one of six countries (including also Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) that execute people who were under 18 years of age at the time of committing the crime.
An important fact is that even though international documents have restricted and in some cases even banned the death penalty and its application, it is still acceptable under customary International Law. In the United Sates there has been rigorous debate around the death penalty as an appropriate form of punishment for the most serious of crimes. An important aspect that will be considered in this study is the debate that has manifested itself in recent years as to the exactness and fallibility of the legal structure of the death sentence. This has in turn been "further fueled by the use of new technologies, which have shown that a large proportion of people sentenced to death are, indeed, innocent." (Derechos)
This proposal will focus on the central issues that have risen relating to the death penalty and capital punishment. The central issue of whether the death penalty is an appropriate response to violent crimes committed in the 21st Century will include the following sections and chapter headings:
1. What are the reasons for and rationale behind the death penalty and how do these compare and contrast to the increasing criticism of this form of punishment? This section will also deal with capital punishment in terms of the moral and philosophical facts that are part of this debate, 2. The recent debate on the fallibility in practice of the death penalty. Numerous reports over the years have shown evidence that there are many instances when people were executed in error. This causes one to question the very pertinent issues of the fallibility of the legal system and the potential for wrongful executions to occur.
3. The study will also investigate the alternatives to the death penalty and the various systems used in counties that do not carry out the death penalty. The success or failure of these alternate systems will also be thoroughly investigated.
The central focus of this study will however attempt to integrate the general debate centering on the moral and humanist ethics of the death penalty.
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From 1977 to 2007, the number of death sentences per capita was as follows: Alabama .89, Oklahoma .818, Mississippi .558, Nevada .546, Delaware .497, North Carolina .481, Florida .463, South Carolina .422, Arizona .412, Arkansas .399, Texas .379, Louisiana .342, Missouri .313, Pennsylvania .277, Ohio .270, Tennessee .270, Idaho .267, Georgia .236, Illinois .233, California .219, Kentucky .193, Virginia .192, Oregon .184, Indiana .148, Nebraska .147, Wyoming .134, Montana
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