Table 1
Representative Building Information Modeling Implementations in Different Countries
Country
Description
Finland
Approximately 33% of architects and engineers were using BIM applications according to a 2007 survey; no case studies or other surveys of Finnish engineering firms have been conducted to date to the authors' knowledge (Wong, Wong & Nadeem, 2010). The major adopters of BIM include VTT. Building information modeling guidelines are being formulated with industry-wide support and collaboration (Wong et al., 2010).
Norway
The Norwegian Homebuilders' Association has encouraged the adoption of BIM industry wide; the major adopter of BIM at present is SINTEF (Wong et al., 2010).
Denmark
More than a third (35%) of the architectural firms surveyed in 2008 were using Architectural Desktop, followed by Archicad, Revit and Bentley Architecture (Wong et al., 2010).
Sweden
No official mandate for BIM implementation exists and the main drivers are the "Big Three" construction giants; however, there are signs that Traffikverket may be ready to require BIM for infrastructure projects (Around the world with BIM, 2012).
Singapore
This is the only country in Southeast Asia that has implemented BIM to any extent (Wong et al., 2010).
India
An architectural firm that stands out among the crowd by virtue of their progressive outlook and relatively advanced implementation of BIM in a country where most architects are still using AutoCAD and construction is still very much paper-based is InFORM Architects, a 40-member architectural firm in Bangalore. According to a recent article ("A Case Study of BIM Implementation in India"), the company selected Revit, an Autodesk product, as their application of choice with outstanding results: "Its work is critically acclaimed and has won several national design awards as well as design competitions." At present, just over half (55%-60%) of the design projects at InFORM Architects are completed with the Autodesk Revit application. According to the case study, "This includes all the new projects; older ones that are already under construction continue to be on CAD .The firm is committed to expanding this number to over 85% of its projects, so that the majority of its work is done in Revit" (a Case Study of BIM Implementation in India," 2012, p. 3). The case study cites a number of constraints to the implementation of BIM, including:
* Resistance from some staff members concerning the ability of the BIM system to "deliver the goods": The transition from AutoCAD to Revit did face resistance initially -- there was skepticism regarding the ability to deliver smoothly, to address complex design issues, timelines, and the desired quality of output" (a Case Study of BIM Implementation in India," 2012, p. 3).
* in addition, the authors cite a dearth of time available for training on the new Revit systems during a period when the company was busy with other projects using its conventional CAD applications: "Also, the lack of time to update Revit skills while working on projects was a major challenge."
The company overcame these constraints to efficient implementation by investing the resources needed to facilitate the transition, including assigning a full-time architect to the project. According to the case study, "To make the transition easier, InFORM Architects employed a dedicated BIM consultant who was also an architect -- she went about systematically organizing the work flow and, at the same time, helped in the modeling and creation of construction documents for the first 'model' project." Building on the success of this initial project, staff members became sufficiently convinced to use BIM in their own new projects. In this regard, the case study notes that, "Successful implementation of this encouraged the adoption of BIM on other projects. Training sessions to bridge the learning gaps, as well as in-house presentations show-casing the designs done with BIM, helped in motivating entire teams to shift to Revit" (a Case Study of BIM Implementation in India," 2012, p. 4).
United States
DPR Construction operates from 17 offices across the country and the company has deployed BIM applications in all of them to good effect. Although the transition to BIM is not discussed,...
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