Broadening the Security Agenda
The era of modern geopolitical extremist radicalism has revealed the grave dangers to United States national and international security. After the end of World War II, international superpowers focused on the military threat from other superpowers and nation states. Since the fall of the former Soviet Union shortly before the turn of the 21st century, the threat landscape has changed tremendously. Today, national and international security concerns must focus on the threats associated with asymmetric warfare from terrorist groups without any state or national sponsorship.
On the other hand, critics of the broadest approach to national and international human security suggest that the pendulum may have swung too far in the direction of listing too many specific threats. According to that view, specific concerns about (1) societal changes and human migration patterns, (2) environmental issues and energy, and (3) organized crime and various crimes such as human and arms trafficking and narcotics are all redundant concerns. However, a closer review would reveal that threats arising from human migration patterns are sufficiently different from those associated with numerous other aspects of societal change to be considered a single issue.
The appropriate response to mitigating the risks of natural disaster, climate changes, and energy needs are very different from those that are appropriate to address the risks from terrorism targeting energy production facilities and infrastructure. Similarly, while organized crime does encompass many individual crimes, some of those crimes (such as international human and drug trafficking) must be addressed in completely different ways from the perspective of human security and not crime control. Ultimately, the broadening of the threat landscape is necessary to address all of the contemporary risks to human security apart from other closely linked crimes from a criminal justice perspective.
References
Burgess, J. Peter. Non-Military Security Challenges in Contemporary Security and Strategy 2nd edition, Craig A. Snyder (ed.) Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke,
2008, pp. 60-78.
To the extent a broad security agenda appropriately includes a concern over energy resources, that concern must address issues of consumption patterns, lifestyle habits, and insufficient development of alternative energy sources and processes. By contrast, direct population control such as through mandatory restrictions against having children represents a simplistic and unproductive approach to the problem that, in addition, is violative of fundamental human rights and autonomy of individuals and families
95-133. In this selection, Chong examines the foreign policy used by Singapore during the 1990s to establish its credentials as a full participant in the international conversation. I will use the examples explored in this article to support the thesis that soft power is a realistic and viable choice of policy. Fukuyama, Francis, "The End of History?" National Interest 16 Summer 1989, pp. 3-18. Fukuyama's assertion that the fall of the Soviet
The goals at which this process is aimed can concentrate on creating benefits primarily for one party or on creating benefits for both parties.' (van der Pluijm and Melissen, 2007, p.1) Multiple-sided city diplomacy is a "diplomatic process in which more than two parties are involved, representing various cities." (van der Pluijm and Melissen, 2007, p.1) van der Pluijm and Melissen state that associations of municipalities "such as United Cities
Military Intelligence The objective of Part One of this study is to examine the use of Unmanned Vehicle Systems in intelligence collection and how this has expanded significantly. This work will discuss the major trends in UV utilization in intelligence collection, as well as some of the moral and ethical concerns when utilizing UVs. Part Two of this study will examine Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), which has been around for many
EU Energy Crisis The European Union Energy Policy Energy dependence appears to be the looming concern for the European Union. Last year alone the import figures required to meet their energy needs were at 54% and this number is expected to rise marked to perhaps as much as70% by 2030. The unfortunate cause of this dilemma is that as a whole the EU possesses a minuscule amount of worldwide oil reserves -
S. directly. Evidently, the long-term objectives indirectly face the smooth running of the U.S. government. Priority should be given to those aspects that will pull the resources of the country to extreme levels. The U.S. As a super-power is privileged when tackling issues affecting other nations; it is mandated to help developing long-term solutions. Long-term also implies that the impacts and effects need to be widespread in order to maintain balance
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now