The earlier the detection of breast cancer, in its first stage, rather than the subsequent second, third, or fourth stages, the better the prognosis, regardless of its type or the age of the woman.
Nursing interventions
Nurses have an extremely important role to play as educators regarding breast cancer. First of all, they can help women have a realistic appraisal of their risk for the disease, based upon their family background, age, and lifestyle. Nurses can play a role in health promotion throughout a patient's life by encouraging women to minimize or manage high-risk behaviors that contribute to the likelihood of contracting the disease, such as alcohol use, obesity, and hormone therapy (Breast cancer risk factors, 2008, Eli Lilly). They can give women a clear and non-alarmist picture of the common types of breast cancer, and how to conduct self-examinations. Self-examinations for breast cancer, it is important to remember, are not an absolute panacea for the disease, but done properly, they can be an important factor in promoting early detection (although a minority healthcare providers have argued that they can have the unfortunate tendency of encouraging women to become alarmed about masses that are not in fact cancerous). Nurses should point out that while it is certainly important to report any unusual breast alterations, "80% of all biopsied breast lumps are not cancerous" (Mending the myths about breast cancer, 2008, Eli Lilly).
As well as educating patients about breast cancer self-detection, nurses must act as educators regarding mammograms. Again, women tend to be either overly alarmist, or to underestimate the need for mammograms. The advantage of getting a mammogram is that detects breast cancer at an early stage and identifies small cancerous lumps that are not detectable through manual exams. However, unless there is a strong heritable tendency to contract...
Breast Cancer Pathophysiology Breast Cancer Advanced Pathophysiology Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. There are three general determinants associated with the cause of the disease: heredity factors, environmental factors, and hormonal factors. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, as 78% of cases are diagnosed in women ages 50 and older. Risk factors are distinguished by their respective etiological influences, such as family history, lifestyle, and
However, in cancer these cells grow out of control and mutate, causing disease. Some of the issues with the development of breast cancer have been linked to exposure to estrogen, but that does not always appear to be the case (Sariego, 2010). Other factors can also be problematic. The main issue with breast cancer is not what caused it but how to treat it and whether it is diagnosed
Pleural Effusion in Children -- An Overview Pleural Effusion is a disease resulting from excess production of fluids or a decrease in absorption or in some instances both thereby leading to an abnormal collection of fluids in the pleural space. It is the commonest pleural disease and has etiologies that include symptomatic inflammatory, cardiopulmonary disorders and malignant diseases that require speedy evaluation as well as treatment (Jeffery Rubins 2016). Disorders like an
All patients who suffered from inhalation injuries must be given a compulsory bronchoscopic examination so as to reveal the extent of respiratory injury and also to help in planning of the most suitable treatment. References McCance, K.A. & Huether, S.E. (2010). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (6th ed). St. Louis: Mosby. Module 8 (B) Hypovolemic shock Hypovolemic shock is noted by McCance and Huether (2010) to be an emergency condition
Colorectal cancer is said to be one of the most common cancers in the U.S. In this text, I largely concern myself with this type of cancer. In so doing, I will amongst other things take into consideration not only its pathophysiology but also its clinical manifestations, treatment options, interventions, and expected outcomes. Colorectal Cancer: A Brief Overview The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- CDC (2011) observes that "of cancers
...It can spot moderate to severe dysplasia (irregular tissue), "some of which may turn out to be malignant and you'll have a case of lung cancer," he explains. Patients with dysplasia can then be closely monitored, and if cancer appears, it can be treated in its earliest stages. The second diagnostic tool is an imaging agent called Nofetumomab (verluma). Approved by FDA in 1996, it can determine the extent of
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