Partial Mastectomy- a procedure that remove part of the breast that contains the cancer and some tissue around the affected tissue. This type of surgery is also called a segmental mastectomy (Breast Cancer Treatment).
In addition the National Cancer Institute reports that patients who undergo the aforementioned types of surgeries may also have some lymph nodes removed (Breast Cancer Treatment).
Another type of surgery that does not conserve the breast is the total mastectomy. During this type of surgery the entire cancerous breast is removed (Breast Cancer Treatment). This type of surgery is also referred to as a simple mastectomy. As an aspect of this surgery lymph nodes, the lining of the chest muscles and the chest wall muscles may also be removed (Breast Cancer Treatment). A patient may also undergo a radical mastectomy which involves the removal of the cancerous breast along with the muscles underneath the breast and lymph nodes (Breast Cancer Treatment).
After the surgery is completed many patients undergo chemotherapy or radiation or both. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to prevent the development of cancer cells. The drugs work by preventing the division of the cancer cells or killing the cells altogether (Breast Cancer Treatment). Chemotherapy drugs can be taken orally or through an injection into a muscle or vein. The national Cancer Institute explains that "the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated (Breast Cancer Treatment)."
Radiation treatment for breast cancer involves the utilization of uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to destroy cancer cells or prevent the cells from developing further (Breast Cancer Treatment). The National cancer Institute explains that there are two primary types of radiation treatment. The first is external radiation in which an external machine is used to deliver the radiation to the area of the body where the cancer resides (Breast Cancer Treatment). The other type of radiation treatment is internal and it utilizes a radioactive substance that can be contained within a seed, needle or catheter (Breast Cancer Treatment). The internal treatment is then positioned directly into the cancer. The type of radiation that the patient receives is dependent upon the severity and type of cancer (Breast Cancer Treatment).
In addition to the aforementioned methods of treating breast cancer, the disease can also be treated with hormone therapy (Breast Cancer Treatment). The National Cancer Institute explains that this type of therapy is designed to eliminate or block certain hormones that are associated with the growth of cancer cells (Breast Cancer Treatment). The National Cancer Institute explains that
"Hormones are substances produced by glands in the body and circulated in the bloodstream. Some hormones can cause certain cancers to grow. If tests show that the cancer cells have places where hormones can attach (receptors), drugs, surgery, or radiation therapy is used to reduce the production of hormones or block them from working. The hormone estrogen, which makes some breast cancers grow, is made mainly by the ovaries. Treatment to stop the ovaries from making estrogen is called ovarian ablation (Breast Cancer Treatment)."
One of the primary ways to perform hormone therapy is with tamoxifen (Breast Cancer Treatment). This particular treatment is popular with people that have early stage breast cancer in addition to those that are suffering from breast cancers that have spread to other organs in the body (Breast Cancer Treatment). Tamoxifen works by destroying cells throughout the body. Although this type of therapy can be beneficial it can also increase the probability the patient will get endometrial cancer (Breast Cancer Treatment). As such when this particular treatment is sued yearly pelvic exams are required (Breast Cancer Treatment).
Another common hormone treatment is an aromatase inhibiter. This type of treatment is typically given to women who have already experienced menopause and have a type of cancer that is hormone dependent. This type of cancer must have estrogen to promote growth (Breast Cancer Treatment). This type of inhibitor is designed to decrease the amount of estrogen that the body produces by preventing aromatase from converting androgen into estrogen (Breast Cancer Treatment). The National cancer Institute father explains that breast cancer that is in an early stage can also be treated with aromatase inhibitors instead of tamoxifen (Breast Cancer Treatment).
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