Nursing, Best Practices
The disorder selected from the Women's Health Initiative study is breast cancer. As inferred by Amonet al (2012), breast cancer continues to be the second leading cause of cancer mortality amongst women in the United States. Similar to all kinds of cancer, the anomalous tissue that constitutes breast cancer is the patient's individual cells that have multiplied beyond normative levels. In addition, these particular cells may also travel to different parts of the body in which they are usually not found. When these cells move throughout the body randomly, the cancer is deemed to have advanced. Statistics indicate that, in the year 2015, 230,000 women in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer and out of this, 40,000 of them died. This indicates the importance of treating the disease across the world (Ziegler et al., 2016). The stages of breast cancer range from early breast cancer that can be cured to the metastatic or advanced stage, with an assortment of treatments for the disease. In particular, even if this illness is not common in the opposite gender, it ought to be taken seriously (Webmd, 2016). Usually, breast cancer starts with the formation of a small, restricted lump or tumour, or deposits of calcium and thereafter disseminating through channels within the breast to the lymph nodes and can spread out to other organs of the body through the blood stream.
The prevailing best practices for appraising and managing this disorder as pointed out in the
(2012), encompasses the concordant release of glycolysis proteins into the plasma prior to the diagnosis of estrogen receptor and breast cancer. Essentially, glycolysis is the primary phase of glucose digestion, which involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvate and creation of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This path to the production of ATP instead of oxidative phosphorylation, fundamentally takes place where the cells lack oxygen. In particular, glycolysis plays a significant role in cancer as the tumour cells depend on it for the production of ATP even when oxygen is present (Amonet al, 2012). Initial discovery of breast cancer could prospectively be increased and improved through the development of biomarkers in blood in order to supplement mammography. Nevertheless, the detection of protein markers that display a substantial alteration in their plasma concentration at initial or premature phases of breast tumour growth has been difficult as a result of the extensive dynamic variety of protein profusion in plasma. An additional problem starts from the considerable protein disparities that take place in plasma not linked to…
Breast Cancer in Malaysia Breast cancer has turned out to be one of the most common cancers in women in almost every part of the world. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable geographical difference in the incidence and also the stage of presentation. It has ben documented to be uppermost in North Europe and North America, in-between in Mediterranean nations and South America, and not high at all in Asia and Africa
Breast Cancer Pathophysiology Breast Cancer Advanced Pathophysiology Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. There are three general determinants associated with the cause of the disease: heredity factors, environmental factors, and hormonal factors. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, as 78% of cases are diagnosed in women ages 50 and older. Risk factors are distinguished by their respective etiological influences, such as family history, lifestyle, and
Partial Mastectomy- a procedure that remove part of the breast that contains the cancer and some tissue around the affected tissue. This type of surgery is also called a segmental mastectomy (Breast Cancer Treatment). In addition the National Cancer Institute reports that patients who undergo the aforementioned types of surgeries may also have some lymph nodes removed (Breast Cancer Treatment). Another type of surgery that does not conserve the breast is the
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that originates from tissues in the breasts commonly from within the inner lining of milk ducts or alternatively lobules which supply milk to the ducts. Breast cancer can occur in both humans and other mammals but .The majority cases in humans occur in women, however breast cancer also occurs in men but in very rare instances. Those few cases of breast cancer in
Breast Cancer Treatments Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in females and its rising incidence makes it the second most common cause of deaths due to cancer in both genders. Its incidence increases with the following risk factors, age and first degree relatives affected with the illness. However, only five to ten percent of all breast cancers are hereditary. The BRCA1, BRCA 2 and the p
While the incidence of carcinoma in situ has been increasing, the incidence of invasive breast cancer has remained fairly steady or even decreased slightly in the past 25 years, and the mortality rate has declined (Common types of invasive breast cancer, 2008, Eli Lilly). The earlier the detection of breast cancer, in its first stage, rather than the subsequent second, third, or fourth stages, the better the prognosis, regardless
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