¶ … Boys and Girls Clubs of America as a Resource to Aid in the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
Boys and Girls Clubs of America
This research describes the tremendous need for nonprofit human services organizations by youth who: use drugs, commit crimes or are victims of crime, drop out of high school, and become pregnant at an early age. There are a variety of nonprofit organizations such as Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Big Brothers Big Sisters and Children's Aid Society that step in to try to compensate for a breakdown in modern social infrastructures. This paper summarized how each makes their own unique contributions and describes in detail the many successes of programs offered by the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, proven by formalized studies. Because human services have made such a difference in the lives of children, recommendations include additional outreach and increased funding for their activities.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Problems Facing Juveniles in Society
41.1 Drugs
51.2 Crime
61.3 Victimization
71.4 Lack of Education
81.5 Teen Pregnancy
102.0 Programs to Combat Juvenile Problems in Society
102.1 Boys and Girls Clubs of America
112.2 Big Brothers Big Sisters
122.3 Children's Aid Society
143.0 Success of the Boys and Girls Clubs of America
153.1 Southwest Program Study
173.3 Project Connect Program Study
183.4 SMART Moves Drug Prevention Study
203.5 Stay SMART Sexual Activity Study
213.6 Family Advocacy Network (FAN Club) Study
233.7 Everyday Participation Studies
254.0 Issues and Recommendations
254.1 Additional Re-search
264.2 Targeted Outreach
274.3 Adequate Funding
1.0 Introduction to Problems Facing Juveniles in Society
Youth raised in the 1950s and 1960s had most of those needs readily met; families, neighbors, and schools supplied their basic needs while providing a sense of security, trust, belonging, and, to some extent, self-esteem. But, today factors such as the disintegration of families, loss of cohesiveness in neighborhoods (even in the well-to-do suburbs), and atrophy of the public schools has caused this paradigm to collapse.
The resulting problems have been tremendous. According to the United States census, one third of all school age children in the United States go home to an empty house or apartment. The total number may be between five and seven million children between five and thirteen years old, often referred to as "latch key" children.
Increase in drug use, participation crime, prevalent victimization, failure to complete high school and pregnancies are just a few of the side effects of the breakdown in traditional social structures as discussed in this introductory section.
1.1 Drugs
Results from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use & Health funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Office of Applied Studies reveal that 11.2% of youths aged twelve to seventeen used illicit drugs. The rate of marijuana use among youths was 7.9%. Among youths aged twelve to seventeen, an estimated 17.7% used alcohol in the month prior to the survey interview. Of these, 10.6% were binge drinkers, and 2.6% were heavy drinkers. Further, an estimated 3.6 million youths aged twelve to seventeen, 14.4%, reported past month use of a tobacco product in 2003.
Substance abuse by young people can result in health-related problems such as mental health) or death, academic difficulties, risky behaviors, poor peer relationships, and involvement with the juvenile justice system. And, early drug use indicates significant future problems. The 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that adults who had first used substances at a younger age were more likely to be classified with dependence or abuse than adults who initiated use at a later age. For example, among adults aged eighteen or older who first tried marijuana at age fourteen or younger, 13.3% were classified with illicit drug dependence or abuse compared with only 2.2% of adults who had first used marijuana at age eighteen or older.
1.2 Crime
Juvenile crime in the United States has fallen dramatically in recent years, but is still a significant problem. In 2002, law enforcement agencies in the United States made approximately 2.3 million arrests of persons under age eighteen. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, juveniles accounted for seventeen percent of all arrests and fifteen percent of all violent...
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