"In 1919, the owners cut salaries across the league after World War I had reduced baseball attendance in 1918. Even while extending the 1919 season, the owners feared the same. But attendance went up while salaries remained the same" ("Black Sox Scandal," Eastland Memorial Society, 2000). However, the most egregious example of unfairness was when Comiskey told the widely-respected pitcher Eddie Cicotte that he would get $10,000 if he won thirty games, a supposedly impossible task. When Cicotte won twenty-nine games, Comiskey benched him. As the owner was clearly putting his own financial interest above the good of the team as well as his players, Cicotte cracked and agreed to throw the series for $10,000 in cash. Class friction and personality conflicts on the team contributed to the scandal. The White Sox star, Columbia-educated Eddie Collins had demanded a $14,500 salary when he was bought from the Athletics in 1915. This was considerably more than most...
Many members of the team had no education at all, and were far less 'clean-cut' in their lifestyle than Collins. Because of his hatred for Collins, Arnold 'Chick' Gandil was instrumental in making sure Ciotte, Jackson, and the other players that eventually agreed to throw the series 'kept' their part of the bargain.
Scandal/Controversy in Sports The following will take a look to see if scandal and controversy benefit sports. Background of Sports Industry and Scandals Sports in the U.S. is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Companies try to engage with clients by aligning the services and products they offer with this well-known industry via sports funding and endorsement. The benefit of this involvement has been well-recorded in the sports marketing literature (Hughes and Shank, 2005). The effect
"Prominent Americans viewed the prince's trip as an opportunity to showcase the country's brightest thinkers and shrewdest capitalists, and to flex its developing imperial muscle" (Abbott, 73). Having set the stage brilliant vis-a-vis the official nature of the prince's visit -- and mentioning the recent American acquisitions (Hawaii and Puerto Rico) to give an international political perspective -- Abbott further raised the stakes and value of the prince's visit
Athletes as Role Models The media's role in the portrayal of athletes as role models in history ay it ain't so, Joe.' During the infamous 1919 Black Sox scandal, in which the team deliberately 'threw' the World Series for a bribe, the players' betrayal was depicted as being particularly hurtful to young people who idolized the SOX (Everstein 1998). Babe Ruth was also portrayed as a hero during this era, as he
Sports Wagering -- Who is Involved and Why? Gambling and sports have gone together for over a century, according to a new book called Sports Ethics for Sports Management Professionals, so this is not a new phenomenon at all. But to quote from the book, "Gambling in sports is replete with unethical motives and practices"; and indeed the authors go on to point out that gambling "…is a form of cheating,
The history of baseball, widely recognized as America's national pastime, is a rich tapestry woven with legends, lore, and the cultural evolution of the sport over time. Although the exact origins of baseball are difficult to pinpoint, it is clear that the game developed from older bat-and-ball games such as cricket and rounders, which were played in England and brought over to North America by settlers (Thorn, 2011). The earliest known
History of Baseball Baseball, America's pastime, has a rich and storied history that dates back centuries (Howell, 2005). Its origins can be traced to various bat-and-ball games played in Europe and England (Thorn & Palmer, 1991). In the early 19th century, a game known as "town ball" emerged in the United States (Thorn & Palmer, 1991). It was played with a wooden ball and a bat, and the rules varied from town
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