[Frank et.al, 2006)]
Baethge et.al (2005) examined substance use disorders in patients with first episode BP 1 disorder using 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders' (SCID). The study included a total of 172 patients who were admitted in the McLean hospitals between 1989 and 1996 for clinically diagnosed first lifetime manic/mixed BP 1 episodes. All the 172 subjects underwent follow-up assessment at 6,12 and 24 months respectively. Results from the study indicate that 37 (33.0%) were substance addicts at entry and this increased to 38.8% at the end of the study period. Statistical analysis further revealed that cannabis dependent subjects had more prolonged manic episodes (mean=26.8%, SD=34.0%, versus mean=11.5%, SD=19.1%; ratio=2.3:1), whereas alcohol dependant subjects had increased episodes of depression (mean=11.9%, SD=22.9%, in mania vs. mean=21.9%, SD=29.5%, in depression; ratio=1:1.8). Also morbidity was higher among polysubstance abusers. [Baethge et.al, 2005]
A more recent study by Wilens et.al (2009) analyzed 105 bipolar adolescent probands and 98 non-mood disordered control subjects. The first-degree relatives of the subjects were also assessed. This study by the Massachusetts General Hospital used DSM-IV-based structured interviews. The researchers interviewed primary caregivers, adolescent subjects and their siblings. Data pertaining to substance abuse was gathered using the DSM-IV Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders (KSADS) diagnostic criteria. The results indicated that subjects with BP disorder had an overall higher rate of substance use disorder (controls 4% and BPD 34%). Alcohol abuse (controls 3%, BPD 23%) and drug abuse (controls 1%, BPD 22%) were higher among the BP subjects. Statistical analysis also revealed that 14% of BP subjects had both alcohol and drug use disorder compared to none in the control group. This study clearly showed that there was a clear association between BP disorder and different types of substance use disorders. [Wilens et.al (2009)]
Another recent study by Pacchiarotti et.al (2009) focused on the onset of BP disorder preceded by substance abuse. For this purpose the researchers studied the clinical outcome of BP disorder (1 and 2) patients who had a history of substance use that preceded BP diagnosis. A group of BP disorder patients (n=145) who had a history of substance...
Then there is normal or balanced mood, above which comes hypomania (mild to moderate mania), and then severe mania (Bipolar Disorder (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/bipolar.cfm#intro)." Treatment Bipolar is divided into several types. Bipolar II has the less severe mania and depression while the extreme episodes is called Bipolar I. Rapid cycling is the term used for patients who have four or more cycles of mania-depression in a 12-month period. Some people even experience cycling on a
Bipolar psychiatric disorder (BD) -- which is characterized by "…cycles of depression and mania" -- is a "euphoric, high-energy state" that can produce remarkable bursts of creativity or, on the other hand, can produce erratic behavioral events that are risky and provocative (Gardner, 2011). About 2.4% of the world's population has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (at one time or another in their lifetime) but the rate in the United
Substance abuse can be defined simply as a maladaptive use of any harmful substance for the purposes of mood-altering and not limited to the use of prohibited drugs or the misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs with an intention other than that for which it is recommended or in a way or in quantities other than instructed (Bennett & Holloway, 2005). Drug related crimes are brutal criminal acts that are committed
PowerPoint Slides Transcript Slide 1 (Title Slide) Substance Abuse in Elderly Population Slide 2 Overview When one thinks of substance abuse or drug addiction, the picture that is likely to come to mind is that of a young or middle-aged man with a rugged look who has wasted away as a consequence of substance and drug abuse. Cases of substance abuse in the older population have reportedly been on an upward trend. Indeed, as will be
Substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. In the past 10-15 years, attention has been increasingly focused on the correlation between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Numerous researchers have discovered a strong contemporaneous relationship between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse in both clinical and general population samples of
Substance Induced Insanity Psychosis is a psychiatric state that can either be enduring or temporary. A person suffering from the condition may experience memory lapses, incoherent speech or thoughts, lack of concentration, delusions and/or hallucinations. Other symptoms that may manifest when one is suffering from psychosis include changes in personality and exhibition of unusual behaviors. It has been established that psychosis can be caused by various substances such as marijuana, methamphetamine
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