Once in the cells, the glucose is burned in order to create heat and adenosine triphosyphate, (ATP) which is a molecule that stores and releases energy as required by the cell.
The metabolism of glucose into energy happens either in combination with oxygen which is called aerobic metabolism or without it which is called anaerobic metabolism. The oxygen used comes from the mitochondria. Red blood cells do not have mitochondria, so they convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen, unlike some other cells.
Glucose is also converted to energy inside muscle cells. These are probably the most important energy users. Muscle cells contain mitochondria so they can process glucose with oxygen. Even if the level of oxygen levels in the muscle-cell mitochondria fall too low, the cells can proceed to convert glucose into energy without oxygen. The down side is that making glucose into energy without oxygen produces the by-product lactic acid. And too much lactic acid makes...
There are about 6 billion nucleotide letters of a particular sequence in a human cell. The full set is known as the genome. DNA information is found in units called genes. One gene codes roughly for one protein. The proteins perform most of the functions of the body at the cellular level. Examples are digestion, the body's defense against disease, and transporting substances throughout the body. Thousands of proteins
Biology Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk. An enzyme in the small intestine, lactase, is responsible for the digestion of lactose. Lactase "breaks the lactose down into two simpler forms of sugar, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream." For most people, this is a straightforward process but some people have insufficient lactase, and indigestion occurs as a result of the body's inability to break down the lactose
The blood with the IgG must be effectively removed from the body, or reduced to levels that will not allow the cells to be a danger to the infant. If caught early enough, plasma transfers for the mother can result in enough of a reduction of IgG levels to forestall the effects to the fetus. 8) Autoimmune diseases occur when, for a variety of reasons, the body responds to its own
Proteins are often called the building blocks of life. In fact, the very word "protein" implies their importance in the body: it is a Greek word meaning "first place." Approximately fifty percent of the dry weight in animal cells is comprised of protein (Campbell 71). They play a roll in almost everything the body does and "are used for support, storage, transport of other substances, signaling from one part of
Stem cells are cells that can develop into other forms of cells; Evans's cells could develop into entire mice. Evans eventually began altering the genetic material in the stem cells, creating mice that had genetic material from other creatures and could pass that material on to their offspring" (313). These findings, together with the research conducted separately by Capecchi and Smithies, enabled several teams of researchers to develop knockout
Function of Homeostasis in Human Biology The preservation of stability or constant condition in a biological system by means of automatic mechanisms that work against influences leaning towards disequilibria is Homeostasis. (Homeostasis {hohm-ee-oh-stay'-sis}) Homeostasis is the capacity of the body to preserve relative constancy and work even when severe changes occur in the external environment or in one part of the body. (Homeostasis: Toxiocology Tutor III) This is one of the
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