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Beard, Hofstadter, Wood: Economic Analysis Of The US Constitution Essay

Economics in the American Revolution Was the American Revolution motivated primarily by economic factors? To the observer in 2014, who is surrounded with economically-oriented ideologues who have adopted the title of "Tea Party" for their movement, the interpretation is inescapable. We must ignore the tendentious and flimsy view of history advanced by the twenty-first century Tea Parties though (reminding ourselves that the former vice presidential candidate who styles herself one of their leaders could not correctly identify in 2011 what Paul Revere had actually done during the American Revolution) and look at the view of reputable historians. I hope by examining the work of three historians -- Charles Beard, Richard Hofstadter, and Gordon Wood -- to demonstrate the extent to which the Founding Fathers were motivated by economic circumstances.

Any discussion of the economic factors motivating the American Revolution must begin with the work of Charles Beard. Beard, influenced to some degree by Marxist analysis, received a historiography which had whitewashed the vested interests of the drafters of the U.S. Constitution. Beard argued that the document was "not the product of an abstraction known as 'the whole people' but a group of economic interests which must have expected beneficial results from its adoption" (Beard 16). Beard notes, for example, that the opposition to the document came largely from "farmers and debtors"...

In particular, Beard argues that the specific economic motives came from four areas in which the Articles of Confederation had not been benefician to the drafters of the document: he identifies these as "money, public securities, manufactures, and trade and shipping" (Beard 324). However Beard points out that this did in fact lead to the strong federal identity above the interests of individual states, as these financial areas were "truly national in their scope" (Beard 325).
Richard Hofstadter came from the first generation of historians that learned from Beard's thesis, and although his own work is more interested in political organization -- hinging on the idea of how disparate political interests manage to create consensus -- Hofstadter also manages to validate the basic elements of Beard's thesis. Hofstadter notes, for example, that (contrary to the ideas of the twenty-first century Tea Party) the founders were not interested in "freedom of trade in the modern sense" and felt that "failure to regulate [trade] was one of the central weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation" (Hofstadter 69). Moreover Hofstadter notes that the central attitude towards America's natural resources was hardly one of unrestrained liberty: he points out that among the drafters of the document "at least fourteen of them were land speculators" whose sympathies lay not with those…

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Works Cited

Beard, Charles A. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. New York: Dover Publications, 2004. Print.

Hofstadter, Richard. The American Political Tradition. New York: Vintage, 1989. Print.

Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: Vintage, 1993. Print.
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