Bear
Globally, there are eight bear species in the Family Ursidae (Order Carnivora), three of which are found in Canada: The Black bear, the brown bear and the polar bear. Black bear still occupy 85% of their historic Canadian range and 62% of the original North American range (Kolenosky and Strathearn 1987, Pelton 2000).
In North America, black bears evolved as forest dwellers and most populations are currently stable or increasing (Brown, 1999; Pelton, 2000). The population throughout North America is currently estimated at 750,000 animals, while the Ontario population approximates 75,000-100,000 animals, with the highest densities found in the central and north-western regions of the province (Smith and DeAlmeida 1990, Anonymous 2006b).
The diet of bears consists mainly of plants, berries and animals such as caribou and moose calves. Bears can weigh up to 600 lb. (272kg) but most commonly the males are 200-300 lb. (90-136kg) and females smaller at 110-180 lb. (50-82kg). Black bears have large home ranges in Newfoundland and Labrador, the males 200km2 or more, and females 60km2 which has made efforts to understand and manage their relationship with caribou challenging. Throughout the winter, black bears hibernate in dens which they make in sheltered spots such as caves, brush piles, burrows or tree cavities (Powell, 1997). The females have 2-3 cubs in mid-winter and the females remain in the den with the cubs until spring. The cubs generally stay with their mothers for two years.
Black bears are most active during dawn and dusk and are fairly timid except when human food is available (Department of Environment and Conservation e, 2009). It is common to find black bears in communities once they have found a food source. Bears that become comfortable around humans are called habituated as they lose their fear of humans which can make them become dangerous as they search for food. Food conditioned...
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