Verified Document

Battles Of Gettysburg And Antietam Term Paper

However, Lee won out, and the solid line attacked. It was a fatal decision as Union forces literally mowed down Confederate troops by the thousands. One historian later concluded, "Apparently it never occurred to him that the position [the Union line on Cemetery Ridge] could not be taken" (Wert 101). While the numbers vary, most people agree the South lost between 3,900 to 4,500 men, while the Union lost about 3,155 during the three days of battle. Clearly, not nearly as many men died at Gettysburg as did at Antietam. The turning point did not rely on the number of men killed or wounded in battle. Ultimately, it depended on the momentum of the army and its leader. Lee made some mistakes on the battlefield, such as demanding a long, united line. It cost him thousands of men, the battle, and ultimately the war. The South turned toward home after Gettysburg, and never again made it that far north in any of their campaigns. They were defeated; it just took time for the Union forces to sink the final nail in the South's coffin.

Finally, the most compelling reason that Gettysburg was the turning point in the war is the fact that the South lost the battle, and so the war continued. One historian notes, "The greatest offensive effort of Confederate arms, the campaign represented perhaps the only opportunity that the South had to win the war by offensive means. The Confederate loss at Gettysburg meant that the war would go on" (Nofi 223). If the South had won, and continued their winning momentum, the war could have gone a very different way, and the Union might have been defeated. With the loss at Gettysburg, the Confederate forces not only lost thousands of men, they had to turn and retreat, heading back toward Southern soil. They certainly won battles after Gettysburg, but they were truly lost after that loss. They came too far north, expended too much energy, and lost too many men to make up the difference. They still put on a good fight, but it was inevitable they would lose after Gettysburg. What is remarkable is that they held on as long as they did after the battle.

In conclusion,...

It marked a major defeat for the southern forces, who turned south and never regained a foothold so far north again. It ended the momentum of the South and generated a feeling of defeat among many soldiers and civilians. It meant the war would continue, which might not have occurred had the South taken the victory. Finally, it created a feeling of success in the Union forces that speared them on to more victories. As another historian notes,
The Army of Northern Virginia was not destroyed at Antietam, as Lincoln had hoped. Nor was it beaten utterly, as McClellan claimed. But it was badly hurt. Three of the nine division commanders, nineteen of thirty-six brigade commanders, and eighty-six of 173 regimental commanders were killed or wounded (McPherson 133).

Antietam then, was not the turning point of the war. Lee came back from defeat seemingly stronger than ever, and engaged in many successful battles after Antietam. However, he never really regained his "edge" after Gettysburg. He did win some battles, most notably the Battle of Cold Harbor, but he lost many more thousands of men in several more defeats, and the South no longer had enough men to send replacements. After Gettysburg, the South was demoralized, and they never again gained the momentum and determination they had at Gettysburg. This battle was the turning point of the war, and without Union victory, the Civil War could have seen a remarkably different outcome.

References

Editors. "Antietam National Battlefield." National Park Service. 2007. 2 May 2007. http://www.nps.gov/anti/battle.htm

Kinsel, Amy J. "9 From Turning Point to Peace Memorial: a Cultural Legacy." The Gettysburg Nobody Knows. Ed. Gabor S. Boritt. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 203-222.

McPherson, James M. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Nofi, Albert a. The Gettysburg Campaign, June-July 1863. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1997.

Steele, Matthew Forney. American Campaigns. Washington, DC B.S. Adams, 1909.

Wert, Jeffry D. Gettysburg:…

Sources used in this document:
References

Editors. "Antietam National Battlefield." National Park Service. 2007. 2 May 2007. http://www.nps.gov/anti/battle.htm

Kinsel, Amy J. "9 From Turning Point to Peace Memorial: a Cultural Legacy." The Gettysburg Nobody Knows. Ed. Gabor S. Boritt. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 203-222.

McPherson, James M. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Nofi, Albert a. The Gettysburg Campaign, June-July 1863. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1997.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Antietam and Gettysburg While Most of the
Words: 690 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Antietam and Gettysburg While most of the battles of the American Civil War took place on Southern territory, there were two major battles which took place in the North: Antietam and Gettysburg. In both cases, the Union forces were fighting off a Confederate invasion aimed at forcing the North to accept Southern secession. In both instances, the North was victorious, and these victories had a significant impact in the outcome of

Battle of Little Round Top
Words: 1796 Length: 6 Document Type: Case Study

Essentially little more than a last-ditch suicide run, Chamberlain's out-of-ammunition bayonet-charge captured a good portion of the Alabama brigade and turned the tide of Battle of Gettysburg in favor of the Union. It was the cry of men like Chamberlain to hold the line and orders like Vincent's, "Don't give an inch!" that made all the difference in the Battle of Little Round Top and the conflict that continued at

Battle Fort Sumter. I Attaching Information I
Words: 1324 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

battle fort Sumter. I attaching information I researched . The Battle of Fort Sumter has a particular significance in the history of the United States because it represented the first battle of the Civil War, the bloodiest war in the history of the country. It marked the point in which the battle for the union of the United States, as we know it today, was started. The battle did not only

Battle of Bristoe Station
Words: 3170 Length: 11 Document Type: Term Paper

Battle of Bristoe Station led many to question the Confederacy's grasp of tactics as it was a strategic blunder. In many respects, it confirmed assumptions made after the battle of Gettysburg that the leadership of the Army of Northern Virginia's officer corps was not infallible. It is the principle battle of the Bristoe campaign, one in which General Lee attempted to separate the Army of the Potomac from its

Winning the Civil War the American Civil
Words: 1363 Length: 4 Document Type: Term Paper

Winning the Civil War The American Civil War is considered the most costly of all the wars fought by this nation in terms of the human lives that were lost and the casualties which left young men mutilated, amputated, and barely able to carry on. Approximately 750,000 young men died by the war's end either from wounds inflicted in battle or from infection and lack of sanitation in hospitals.[footnoteRef:1] At the

Robert E. Lee
Words: 1639 Length: 5 Document Type: Term Paper

Robert E. Lee was a significant figure in history and his actions impacted history in many ways. Lee is considered to be among other things, a great solider. He was also an ideal strategist and his decisions did lead to implications that can be seen today. Perhaps the most significant of his actions was choosing to support the Confederates. For example, had he decided to side with the North, the

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now