Background report: Research Methodologies (NURS) Question (20 marks) (400 word equivalent) Question 1A After reading the background information, develop a researchable question from the background information that you have been given relating to immunization. This question can be suited to quantitative or qualitative methods. Type your question below: Why do some patients hesitate when it comes to getting vaccinated, and how are they dealt with by healthcare providers? Question 1B: List three sources of information that would provide you with the best (strongest) evidence that would enable you to answer your research question. For each of the three sources, give an example of the type of information that would be available to you from this source. Source of information Type of information European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control This study attempts at improving insights into safety-related concerns and vaccine hesitancy among European patients and vaccine providers, in addition to examining the potential influence and association between both populations (ECDC, 2016). World Health Organization The study aimed at minimizing obstacles and improving current vaccine coverage. The protocol delineates an instrumentation and design options-based strategy for gauging awareness, confidence, expected use and resistance in child-bearing-age females potentially targeted for vaccine administration, and their partners/spouses potentially influencing or participating in this decision (World Health Organization, 2015) Israel Journal of Health Policy Research The study recognizes the continuum between downright refusal and wholehearted acceptance of all or a few vaccines, challenging prior pro- or anti- vaccine individual/group understandings. Vaccine reluctance may be influenced by confidence, complacency and convenience. Vaccine reluctance causes may be explained using the following epidemiological triad – the multifaceted interaction between external (environmental), parent (host), and vaccine (agent) -specific elements (Kumar et al., 2016). Question 1C: List five search terms that would assist you to find suitable literature to answer your question. For each of the search terms, suggest an alternate word for which the Boolean function “or” could be used. Keyword Search term for Boolean ‘or” 1 Immunisation Mistrust 2 Vaccine Controversy 3 Immunization Hesitancy 4 Immunisation Misconception 5 Anti-vaccine Attitude Question 1D: If your search failed to find a satisfactory number of quality articles, outline the actions that you could take to improve your search results. The search will commence using generic parameters taken from the research problem identified. Conditions for exclusion and inclusion will be utilized in succession for (A) abstracts and titles, and (B) the complete text, in the course of literature screening. The complete text for researches whose abstracts and titles fulfill the aforementioned conditions will be acquired, besides researches for which not enough data is available for their exclusion based on abstract/title screening. This review will adopt suitable steps for decreasing researcher bias as well as ensuring all relevant studies get incorporated into a systematic review, taking into account budget and time constraints. At the title/abstract screening phase, exclusion/inclusion criteria will be utilized for screening titles/abstracts followed by separate screening of researches earlier excluded, by another reviewer, for making...

The next phase of full-text screening will also adopt a similar tactic. 11 | Page Question 2 (40 marks) (800 word equivalent) Complete the attached table with the relevant information from each of the four articles. Do not use dot points. Table 1. Meta-analysis (+/- systematic review) Full reference: Nursing Taylor, L.E., Swerdfeger, A.L. and Eslick, G.D., 2014. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine, 32(29), pp.3623-3629. Access via https://ac-els-cdn-com.access.library.unisa.edu.au/S0264410X14006367/1-s2.0-S0264410X14006367-main.pdf?_tid=0faa94de-0985-11e8-a381-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1517732953_c2e06dba46682bf164edc03782248b99 Search strategy The databases were searched using the following search terms or combinations: vaccine; autistic; immunize: immunization;...…inoculating their child. It concentrates on children, besides applying to dialogue with other age groups that are recommended for immunization. I propose positions or categories reflecting diverse parental behaviors and attitudes in relation to immunization, and suggest position-specific, customized communication approaches. The encounter’s overarching aim is: promoting quality decision-making and, in the end, immunization (Leask et al., 2012). Sound interactions may address pro-vaccine parents’ concerns, in addition to encouraging reluctant parents to accept immunization (Gust et al., 2008). On the other hand, poor communication may result in parental dissatisfaction with the care process, or vaccine rejection (Brown et al., 2010). This poor communication usually stems from provider beliefs that parents refuse vaccines due to ignorance and that the issue may be easily resolved through persuasion or provision of more information. This approach proves counter-productive as it fails at accounting for the complex causes underlying vaccine refusal. It can even end in backfiring. As provider-parent interactions offer a focus for expression of parental concerns, effective communication in the course of such interactions is imperative (Leask et al., 2012). But the aforementioned researches have failed to consider these communication aspects and only offer information without describing a means of effectively communicating it to parents. References Gust, D.A., Darling, N., Kennedy, A. and Schwartz, B., 2008. Parents with doubts about vaccines: which vaccines and reasons why. Pediatrics, 122(4), pp.718-725. Brown, K.F., Kroll, J.S., Hudson, M.J., Ramsay, M., Green, J., Long, S.J., Vincent, C.A., Fraser, G. and Sevdalis, N., 2010. Factors underlying parental decisions about combination childhood vaccinations including MMR: a systematic review. Vaccine, 28(26), pp.4235-4248. World Health Organization (2015). Report on the Immunization and Vaccines Related Implementation research (IVIR). Available at: [Accessed 18 May 2018]. Kumar, D., Chandra, R., Mathur, M., Samdariya, S., & Kapoor, N., 2016. Vaccine hesitancy: understanding better to address better. Israel journal of health policy…