Introduction
Health disparities refer to avoidable dissimilarities existing in the occurrence of violence, disease and injury or in the opportunities for enjoying peak health which is faced by minority and social disadvantaged ethnic and racial populations and communities. Health differences are present across every age group, even in the older adults. Even though general health and life expectancy have both gotten better of recent, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention knows that not every senior adult is enjoying these benefits equally as a result of factors like race, economic status and gender. The CDC realises that this issue is slowly becoming a huge concern and it is integrating it into our duties (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).
Hypertension, commonly called High Blood Pressure, refers to a medical condition where blood flows in its vessels with a higher-than-normal force. When the heart beats, it drives blood through the arteries to other body parts. When the pumped blood presses harder on the arterial wall, blood pressure increases. A human’s blood pressure varies throughout the day. It is mostly higher after an exercise session, when you get up in the morning or when under stress. Hypertension can overwork the heart, rupture blood vessels or raise the danger of stroke, heart attack, kidney problems as well as death (Pcori, 2013).
Identify Statistics
The hypertension therapy regimens employed by adult African Americans within the Jackson Heart Study were analysed during the first two medical examinations (2415 persons at Exam I, 2000–2004; 2577 at Exam II, 2005–08). The blood pressure (BP) reading was lower than 140/90 mm Hg for 66% and 70% at Exam I and II respectively; JNC7 BP treatment objectives were achieved for 56% and 61% at Exam I and II respectively. People living with CKD or diabetes have lower likelihood of having BP at the target. Similarly men have lower likelihood in comparison with women. The most regularly used anti-hypertensive drugs are thiazide diuretics and the people taking these have higher tendencies of having their BP regulated than those who are not. Thiazide use was much less in men compared to women. Though calcium channel blockers are normally considered as effective single therapy for the African Americans, people using this therapy have reduced likelihood of being at the target BP in comparison to people on thiazide single therapy (Harman et al., 2013).
Current Literature
The popularity of hypertension among African Americans is one of the world’s highest and as this...
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, September 01). Adolescent and School Health. Retrieved August 02, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/
Ephraim, P. L., Hill-Briggs, F., Roter, D., Bone, L., Wolff, J., Lewis-Boyer, L., … Boulware, L. E. (2014). Improving Urban African Americans’ Blood Pressure Control through Multi-level Interventions in the Achieving Blood Pressure Control Together (ACT) Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 38(2), 370–382. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.009
Ferdinand, K. C. (2015). Hypertension in High Risk African Americans Current Concepts, Evidence-based Therapeutics and Future Considerations. New York, NY: Springer New York.
Harman, J., Walker, E. R., Charbonneau, V., Akylbekova, E. L., Nelson, C., & Wyatt, S. B. (2013). Treatment of hypertension among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 15(6), 367–374. http://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12088
Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2010). A population-based policy and systems change approach to prevent and control hypertension. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Lackland, D. T. (2014). Racial Differences in Hypertension: Implications for High Blood Pressure Management. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 348(2), 135–138. http://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000308
Sharma, A., Colvin-Adams, M., & Yancy, C. W. (2014). Heart failure in African Americans: disparities can be overcome. Cleve Clin J Med, 81(5), 301-311.
Pcori. (2013, December 4). Clinical Interventions to Address Hypertension Disparities Workgroup: Topic Briefs. Retrieved August 2, 2017, from https://www.pcori.org/assets/2013/12/PCORI-Hypertension-Workgroup-Topic-Briefs-120413.pdf
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2009). The interventions used in this research study proved to be ineffective, however, and it has been suggested that more culturally relevant study leading to the development of more highly-culturally-specific practices is needed in this regard (Pekmezi et al. 2009). Certain studies have also demonstrated a reduced efficacy of certain blood-pressure regulating pharmaceuticals in the African-American community, with certain individuals responsive to one type of medication but not others (Lackland
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