Like the airline industry, it seems as if the airport industry is moving towards consolidation and more airport cooperation and alliances seem likely in the future. (Graham, 2003)
One approach in which civil aviation can contribute in ensuring peace amid the countries of the world is principally through its key role of facilitating communication and international discourse. The ICAO -- International Civil Aviation Organization has played a large part in achieving this to a great extent. Article 44 of the Chicago Convention charges ICAO to work towards aiding the global community for the development of civil aviation in an economic, safe and orderly manner. A Rapid Response Team on Airport Security was formed under the DOT -- Department of Transportation of the United States. The initiative of ICAO for ensuring harmony and peace in the field of aviation is largely accomplished through its Council which has its origin in the Interim Council of the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization -- PICAO. (Abeyratne, 2003)
For reforming the nation's aviation security system, the Team in its meeting of 1st October, 2001, recommended that the following measures should be put in practice as soon as possible: (a) setting up of a new federal security agency, which would be housed within the DOT; (b) integration of national security intelligence data and law enforcement data with airport and airline systems, including reservation of passengers; - a senior level security officer to be designated by all airports and airlines; the officer should have power over a security clearance required to take action on sensitive intelligence information; (d) "new technology to be adopted for the positive identification of airport workers, crews, and passengers, uncovering of explosives, and more effective baggage and passenger screening to be integrated in the programs of airport security as soon as possible; (e) establishment of an Aviation Technology Consortium by the FAA; (f) applying the CAPPS -- Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System for all passengers." (Abeyratne, 2003); (Donoghue, 2001)
Building upon the successful efforts of the Administration since 9/11, in June 2006, the President of the U.S. coursed the development of a widespread National Strategy for Aviation Security, referred to as the 'Strategy', for protecting the interests of the nation from the perils in the Air Domain. By incorporating and coordinating the global activities of private and public aviation security, the best results can be achieved for deterring, detecting, preventing and defeating the threats to the Air Domain. The Federal government working in tandem with the local, tribal and State governments, the private sector and the international community has strengthened the security of the aviation sector significantly over the past 5 years, post 2001. The Strategy, its actions and objectives are guided by three broad principles. (a) the Nation must utilize the full range of its capabilities and assets for preventing exploitation of the Air Domain by hostile nation-states and terrorist groups. (b) Efficient and safe use of the Air Domain must be ensured by the Nation. - Travel and commerce must be facilitated by the Nation on a continual basis. ("National Strategy for Aviation Security," 2007)
At an airport, the law enforcement structure is determined by the airport ownership. This support service is provided by the main organizations of the special airport-authority police and the local and state police forces. Security forces are also employed by most of the airport operators to ensure physical security at the airport. The airport operators are meticulous about their responsibilities of security and conversant with the specific security needs. The safety measures can always be tighter but, in order to maintain ample security without hindering the efficient movement of commuters at the airport, many trade-offs have to be made. (National Research Council, 1999)
The security programs which are approved of by the FAA are the ones which the airports rely upon. These programs are principally designed for providing a secure environment to control the movement of ground vehicles and people, for preventing unofficial access to the air-operation regions and for safety of airplane operations. There is unique security problems posed by the terminal building because air-operation areas, public areas and restricted areas must be kept separate. Eventually, the security plan for the ramps and terminal must permit passengers access to unrestricted areas while simultaneously keeping unofficial individuals from gaining access to the areas which are restricted. (National Research Council, 1999)
Even with the abundant security measures, the new policies and reforms, airports still have a long way to go to meet up with the bulk of passenger concentration and travel programs introduced. Registered Traveler -- RT programs which promise the participating...
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