The Table 1 provides the layout of the spreadsheet, which reveals the time on the first row and the system variables on the subsequent columns on the right. The table 2 defines the Constant separately, which can be easily changed in order to investigate the system response.
Table 1: Layout of the Spreadsheet
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
Time (sec)
Fuel (%)
T
TF
TN
(Nm)
Vel
Pos
rpm
2
0
=B2*L$1
0
=C2-D2
=E2/L$3
0
0
=G2*60/(2*3.14159)
3
=$A2+0.1
=G2*L$2
=G2+(A3-A2) *0.5*(F2+F3)
=H2+(A3-A2)*0.5*(G2+G3)
4
Table 2: The Engine Parameters
K
L
Engine Parameter
1
k1=
1
2
k2=
0.1
3
J=
0.1
1. The report constructs the spreadsheets using respective equations as being defined in Fig 2.
In the row 1 of the spreadsheet, the report defines the time and the system variables to evaluate the system model as being revealed in Fig 4 from left to right.
2. The system responses are built by filling in the row 2, and the initial time is placed in cell A2 which contain 0.
3. The report uses 100% fuel input throughout the stimulation process. Thus, cell B3 contains the value 100.
4. By entering equation for the applied torque in Cell 2 using Equation 4, where constant k2 is defined in the spreadsheet.
5. The report assumes that engine is initial at rest (t=0), where the speed of the engine is equal to zero, making the torque frictional to be equal to zero. However, the report does not use the equation in the first entry because angular speed has not yet been evaluated. Thus, 0 value is placed in cell D2.
6. The resultant torque (TN) is the frictional torque TF and is subtracted from the applied torque, T, which eventually represents summing block within the system model. Thus, an equation is provided in cell E2, which subtract D2 from C2.
7. Moreover, the report obtains the angular acceleration from Equation 1 using TN and the moment of engine's inertial.
8. At t=0, the angular sped is zero.
9. The report converts the angular speed in Column G. from radian per second to (Colum H) revolution per minute using conversion factor 30 / ?.
10. The report further defines system parameter as t=0 in row 3. The value 0.1 seconds defines time and time interval, and cell A3 represent the time interactions.
11. The value B3 is set to value 100.
12. The equation is not used in cell D2 to define TF because it could reference a null value. Thus, Equation 3 is used for TF where k1 is defined in the spreadsheet.
13. Thus, the Equations define in E2 and F2 are placed in the next row.
14. To obtain value for ?, the report performs numerical integration of ?. The time interval is taken from the first column and multiplies by ? appropriate value, and the equation starts from the third row.
15. Thus, the equation in cell H2 is copied down in the next row.
The arrows in Table 1 represent that the cell is copied to represent the time period. The dollar sign in the equation shows that Excel cannot change the cell references in row and column.
Table 2: Spreadsheet for the Engine Stimulation
The table 2 presents the spreadsheet of the engine stimulation. The results of the stimulation is presented in the graphical form and the time taken to reach 3000 rpm with the 100% fuel input is approximately 0.4 seconds as being revealed in Fig 5.
The report uses the spreadsheet to determine the time that the engine takes to reach 3000 rpm with continuous 100% fuel input. Based on the diagram of fuel vs. RPM, it is revealed that when the RPM reaches 9549.00, the rpm remains constant and its level is off over 9549 and this is point where equilibrium is approached, "which is a consequence of the frictional torque being related to the square of angular velocity" (Golten, . & Verwer, 2003 P. 9).
Fig 5: Engine Speed vs. Time
The output of the JavaScript is in the following link:
http://azizautomotivedesign.webs.com/
The Appendix 1 contains the code of the Javascript of the Engine Speed vs. Fuel.
Fig: Output of the Javascript
http://azizautomotivedesign.webs.com/
Overview of the graph demonstrating the engine speed vs. Time, which reveals that the velocity of the engine increase with 100% fuel consumption however, when the engine speeds reach 9549, this is the point the engine reaches the equilibrium.
Part Two
This section demonstrates the strategy to add a control system. The strategy is to add different control systems to test the engine performances. The system in Fig 4 only uses the nonlinear with ?2 .Moreover; the system diagram has a loop without the feedback control. However, the report intends to adjust the fuel input of the system manually. With feedback control, the report compares the output with reference value to obtain an error, which is used to obtain the desired response. Typically, the error margin is used to achieve a desired output.
Fig 6: Close Loop System (Negative Feedback)
+ Error
Desired Output Actual Output
"The control loop has ability to implement a variety of control algorithms to achieve the desired output...
At this stage one does not know which of all the solutions will be the best for solving the problems of the organization. (Racing to compete, the automotive industry goes on demand) One of the solutions Now let us look at one area where IBM has helped an organization to improve its dealing in the wholesale market, as probably Kirk Motors is both a retailer and a wholesaler with only one
To the extent the totality of circumstances suggest that possibility, even acceptance of the most nominal gratuities (i.e. A cup of coffee) is ethically inappropriate. Similarly, even where the gratuity involved is of nominal value and there is no potential misunderstanding on the part of the individual proffering an otherwise appropriate gratuity, there is the issue of creating the appearance or inference of an improper relationship from the perspective of
Gas Turbine Systems A gas turbine, also known as a combustion generator, is a kind of inner combustion system. It consists of an upstream revolving compressor coupled to the downstream generator, as well as a combustion chamber amid the two. Power is included in the gas stream inside the combustor, where gas is combined with air as well as then ignited. Inside the high-pressure atmosphere of the combustor, burning of this
Various smart vehicle and smart highway technologies and systems offer tremendous potential for improving road and vehicular safety. Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) have already been developed in the United States and Japan, also called Road Transport Informatics (RTI) in Europe (Collier and Weiland, 1994, p. 27). Smart highways are also referred to as Automated Vehicle Highway Systems (AVHS) or Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The lack of global consensus on
Creating Organizational Value through the Integration of Information Technology: A Management Perspective Change Management and the Construction of a Receptive Organization Transformational and Participative Leadership A Decentralized Organizational Culture Effective Utilization of Resources Simulations Performance Monitoring Systems Risk Management and Support Strategies When considering the ever-changing and highly competitive global landscape of business today, firms must stay at the cutting edge of their respective fields in order to sustain profitability in the long-term. With the current exponential growth
U.S. Automotive Industry Chosen industry: automotive industry is the focus of this analysis. More emphasizes are made on the large -- scale automobile manufacturers. This is because of the inherently interesting industry as a result it being competitive and projected to go through a major restructuring due to globalization in the near days to come. The issue of decreasing oil reserves is the other reason that is going to trigger this
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now