Autoimmunity
The immune system of the body must differentiate itself from harmful to repel invaders and to protect the integrity of the host without inducing autoimmunity. Any deficit in this function can cause the body to be vulnerable to infections, malignancies or over-reactivity to innocuous antigens, resulting immunopathology and autoimmunity.
Autoimmunity is defined by pathological immune-based reactions which are usually persistent and have long duration, which involve self-antigens (autoantigens). Its clinical expression is the result of organic or functional alteration of cells or the antigen involved in the reaction (organ-specific autoimmune diseases). When complex autoantigen-autoantibody circulate in the blood and deposit in various parts of the body, form the basis of so- called systemic autoimmune disease or organ specific disease. The idea implies pathological autoimmunity, which can be physiological or natural (Rioux, Abbas, 2005). A number of mechanisms allow those potentially dangerous auto-reactive lymphocytes to be eliminated physically or functionally.
Autoimmune Diseases
One of the major function of a humans being's immune system is to shield the body from microorganisms for example viruses, bacteria etc. By generating antibodies. Sometimes malfunctioning takes place in the body due to various reasons which cause the immune system cells to attack the very cells that should protect, that is, the bodies own cells. This leads to a various diseases called autoimmune diseases, depending on organ or system attacked (Munz, Lunemann, Getts, Miller, 2009). Examples of autoimmune diseases are: Crohn's disease, Pernicious anemia, Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabetes type I, Addison's disease, Celiac disease, Multiple sclerosis, Systemic lupus Graves' disease etc.
Symptoms
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Addison's Disease Etiology Addison's disease is a chronic disorder of the adrenal cortex resulting in decreased production of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. There is increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. Histologic examination of adrenal glands from patients with autoimmune adrenal insufficiency reveals fibrosis with a mononuclear cell infiltrate, plasma cells, and rare germinal centers. The most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in developed countries is autoimmunity (70%
Grave's disease is an autoimmune condition which impacts the human thyroid gland. Excessive production of the thyroid hormone engorges the gland and it continues to grow. Because of this, there can be many adverse affects to the person's health, particularly in terms of ophthalmological and dermatological symptoms. The exact cause of the condition has not been determined nor has a cure for the disease. However, there are treatment methods available
Role of Autoimmunity in Three Endocrine Disorders A number of endocrine illnesses are immune mediated and can now be reliably predicted. Autoimmune disorders can occur in a person and people related to them. Families with history of autoimmunity, and has had antibody screening done, becomes aware of those that carry such risk. Knowing the prevalence of such disorders and the diseases associated with them can help in early diagnosis and
Graves' Disease Identify the Disease Graves' disease is a disorder of the immune system that results in too many thyroid hormones being produced, a situation that is called hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormones impact many different body functions, so the " ... signs and symptoms" that are linked to Graves' disease cannot easily be zeroed in on specifically (Mayo Clinic). Anyone can be stricken with Graves' disease but it is far more common among
Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, a small gland at the base of the neck below the Adam's apple (Paparodis & Imam, 2020). It is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the thyroid, leading to chronic inflammation and often resulting in hypothyroidism, where the thyroid is unable to produce enough hormones for the body's needs (Caturegli, De Remigis, &
"The initial response to acute inflammation includes a rapid drop in numbers of circulating eosinophils, a rapid accumulation of eosinophils at the periphery of the inflammation site and an inhibition of egress of eosinophils from the bone marrow" (Bass, 1976, p.870). Basophils- Basophils are one of the least common granulocytes and they make their appearance during certain inflammation, especially those that deal will allergies. They have two main functions during
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