Autism: Constant vs. Varied
Varied reinforcers have been shown repeatedly to have many benefits over constant reinforers. But real life environmental challenges can preclude reliable measurement results, making it less clear how the response patterns contribute to subject preferences and their resistance to change. The study article by Miros et al. utilize a fixed-ration assessment methodology grounded in an additional level of variability that fluctuates in their testing methodology between the subject's preference assessment and the baseline and reinforcement tests of resistance. The expectation is to address findings in other studies that have limited the generality of results because ordinary disruptive challenges are confronted in applied settings. As such, this study moves the discussion forward and allows for a greater reliability of the role of variation in reinforcers in affirming and sustaining prosocial outcomes.
In the Miros study four young male subjects between the ages of six and 10 were selected. Each had different levels of communication and interactive abilities, and as such required the use of targeted ways that some methodological techniques were used. The authors reviewed these requirements and then detailed the configuration of the study space and the layout of the assessment and monitoring equipment, therein confirming how each subject used these setups using other recognized measures of interaction with constant and varied reinforcers (foods). The same setups were then used...
Resistance to Change Change is the single most widely discussed and written about issue, which affects every facet of our lives whether professional or personal. No where is this 'change' a bigger problem than in the corporate sector where implementation of change can trigger massive resistance. Resistance in its turns gives rise to numerous other problems including loss of efficiency, productivity and revenues. Because of the potential pitfalls of resistance, every
Resistance to Change: The various analyses regarding resistance to change tend to take the perspective that change agents are usually doing the right thing whereas its recipients establish unreasonable barriers to hinder the occurrence of the change. Consequently, change agents tend to be viewed as undeserving victims of the dysfunctional and absurd reactions of change recipients. Rather than the perspective of change agents as people who develop their environments and realities,
Resistance to Change Management Why do some employees resist change within the structure of the organization? What can management do to bring those employees along as the company transitions to another strategy? This paper addresses those issues and other related to resistance to change. The Literature on Resistance to Change Management Roy Smollan, senior lecturer in Management at Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand, notes that some companies refer to resistance to
This is a potentially lethal competitive weakness and it is going to take nothing less than total focus and a re-definition of the organizations' structure (Whitford, Moss, 2009) if Ajax is going to survive. In other words I would not sugar-coat it or just show the financial statements on performance, I would show a revised organizational structure that put my commitments where my organizational chart was, so to speak.
Organizational Culture & Change Conglomerate, Inc. According to the organizational model of the ideal workplace culture, positive workplace cultures are humanistic and encouraging; affiliative; achievement-oriented and self-actualizing. Unfortunately, the workplace culture of Conglomerate, Inc. In practice is oppositional, avoidant, and perfectionistic. This suggests that employees feel that they are not treated as valuable assets by management and that managers avoid rather than embrace input from employees. It also suggests that there is
Coping with Change Change is a process that occurs everywhere though many people are generally reluctant to embrace the concept. One of the major reasons for difficulties in accepting or embracing change is that humans are creatures of habit and adhere to daily routines. Consequently, when change occurs, people's activities and thought patterns are interrupted. While understanding and coping with change is an important part of daily life, embracing the
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