Aboriginal Activism in Australia
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the centuries of new exploration; the scientific discoveries had allowed Europeans to build better ships and navigation system and to explore the new worlds. The French, British and Spanish explorers were more successful in these endeavors. They not only found new lands but were able to exploit the small local population of Natives to control the land. North America is perhaps the most significant example of this. The British first went as explorers, then traders and in the end easily managed to control the lands, building their own colonies. It was the advanced technology of the Europeans that played a significant part in their control of the "New Worlds."
Australia in this respect is no exception. It is said that the Aboriginals came to this part of the earth some 50,000 years ago and they came from the neighboring islands like Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Despite the harsh conditions in Australia the Aboriginal people were able to survive with their not so advanced technology. Though the technology was not so advanced they adapted well and their population increased to around 500,000 people. The Europeans settlers came to the region with their more advanced technology in 1788 from England began to settle in the region [Smallwood, 2002].
Initially the Natives did welcome the Europeans; they had seen the white man for the first time and it was a new experience for them. Gradually the British started to colonize the region and their treatment and relations to the Native population deteriorated and there was an inevitable clash between the two cultures. The British tried to reach some sort of agreement with the Native people but there was no central Aboriginal authority to deal with. The Aboriginal population lived in many different tribes each tribe had its own leader. Moreover they spoke different languages. Encouraged by this and facing little resistance by the Aboriginals the British declared the land "Terra Nullius" meaning effectively uninhabited [Paisley 1997]. The Europeans began to control many parts of the island and because the Aboriginals were living in different tribes they faced little resistance from them. The Europeans not only brought with them disease of control and occupation but also other diseases, in 1792 and in 1892 two plagues of small-pox swept through the Aboriginal population and wiped many of them out in addition there was a plague of venereal disease which killed many Aboriginals. Aboriginal small scale of resistance by stealing animals and destroy houses of the settlers, the reaction to that was killing of Aboriginals on sight, many of the farmers shot Aboriginal people who would try to steal or burn their houses. In 1901 the island became the nation of Australia, it was basically declared a country of white man and Aboriginals were not considered as citizens or part of Australian population. The Aboriginal people were constantly discriminated and were isolated to certain parts of the island [Paisley 1997].
The year 1926 had been one of the darkest periods in the history of Aboriginal since the European settlers came to this part of the country. After an Aborigine killed an Australian the local police collected a gang of people and killed the whole Aboriginal tribe. It was this incident that led the Aboriginal to reconsider their situation and to organize themselves to initiate a movement, a protest against this brutality and discrimination against them. Aboriginal's had been subject to racial oppression and discrimination for over one hundred years and it was about time they united to form a single voice against this state sponsored discrimination. It was in late 1920s and 1930s that the modern movement for the Aboriginal rights began. The first political organization was also formed in these years including the Australian Aborigines Protection Association, the Association for the Protection of the Native Race of Australia and Polynesia and the Aboriginal Union. After that massacre of the Aboriginal tribe the government too began to take steps to stop the recounting. The Australian government very similar to the United States government had established reserves for the Aboriginal people, these reserves were controlled by the government and the Native people were not allowed to leave the reserves [Stanton, 1999].
These organizations made in the 1930s demanded that Native population must be saved and that the government should implement policies which would guarantee the safety and protection of the Native people and their lands. The government of Australia took some steps to provide some sort...
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