Title: The title includes the precise identification of the problem; it contains the independent and dependent variables and target population. It must be clear, concise, and fully descriptive of the study. The recommended length is 12 words.
The Difference Between Fourth Grade Boys and Girls Attitudes Toward Physical Education
Abstract/Overview: The abstract summarizes the contents of the manuscript. The abstract should begin by broadly summarizing the problem and importance of the study in 2-3 sentences. The abstract should then clearly and concisely state the purpose of the study. Next, the abstract should contain a brief description of the target population, sampling methodology, description of the sample, and sample size. The abstract should also identify the research design and methodology. Finally, the abstract should name the instrument and explain the procedures for data collection and statistical analysis. The abstract should not contain any in-text citations. The recommended length is 200–250 words.
Physical education is an essential and necessary component of every child’s life. In order for maximum effect to be realized, children must have a healthy, positive attitude towards physical activity. However, with evidence to suggest that physical activity is on the decline and childhood obesity on the rise, investigating the attitudes of children towards physical education is important to understanding this phenomenon.
This study will research the overall attitudes of boys and girls in the fourth grade toward physical education from three different elementary schools within one school district. Since boys typically enjoy physical activity more than girls after the age of nine years-old, the study will determine how boys and girls view physical education. Also, the study will be important because children need to obtain physical activity to remain healthy and promote appropriate development. The boys and girls will complete a questionnaire about their attitudes toward physical education. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used because there will be a comparison of attitudes of boys and girls.
Research Question: The proposed research question needs to be derived from the problem and purpose statements. A well-formulated research question does the following: (a) clearly identifies (but does not label) least one dependent and one independent variables, (b) is stated clearly and in the form of a question, (c) is testable (i.e. identifies the sample and implies the research design and statistical analysis), (d) does not pose an ethical or moral problem for implementation, and (e) is specific and restricted in scope (i.e., the aim is not to solve the world's problems). List only one focused, testable research question.
RQ1: Is there a statistically significant difference between fourth grade boys and girls overall attitudes toward physical education?
Hypothesis: The null hypothesis needs to be written with words, not symbols. Every research question should have at least one corresponding null hypothesis; however, sometimes more than one is needed. The number of hypotheses should be based upon the number of variables under study and planned analysis. Well-formulated hypotheses are based on the following criteria: (a) the hypothesis stated the expected relationship/differences between variables, (b) the hypothesis is testable, (c) the hypothesis is stated simply and concisely as possible, and (d) the hypothesis is founded in the problem statement and supported by research. Like the research questions, the hypotheses in null form directly influence the statistical procedures used.
H01: There is no statistically significant difference between fourth grade boys’ and girls’ overall attitudes toward physical education.
Introduction: The introduction should catch the audience’s attention by using a “hook” and convince the reader that the topic or issue is important using at least 3-4 scholarly journal articles published within the last 5 years. It provides a general overview of the topic and prepares the reader for the background section of the manuscript. The recommended length is 200–300 words.
The relevance of physical education amongst children cannot be overstated when it comes to not only the development of reflexes,...
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