Diabetes
According to Waryasz & McDermott (2009), the global prevalence of diabetes among people aged between 20 and 79 rose to 6.4% affecting 285 million people in 2010 and the rate will rise to 7.7% affecting 439 million people by 2030. Amid 2010 and 2030, the rate of individuals with diabetes will increase by 69% in developing nations, and a twenty percent rate in developed nations. In 2011, the number rose to 366 and it is expected to rise to 552 by 2030. The pervasiveness of diabetes is advanced in males compared to females, yet the number of women with diabetes is more compared to that of men.
Diabetes affects any part of the human body and people with diabetes are likely to die of heart-related problems or stroke. Seventy-percent of individuals with diabetes show signs of high blood pressure which a risk factor for heart-related diseases. The majority of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. The stunning rise in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes is being paralleled through an equally alarming rise of obesity. Obesity is one of the common risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The public health community, both international and national, has been very sluggish to acknowledge the huge public health and socioeconomic threats of diabetes and it is ruining complications such CVD, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy.
However, the World Health Organization has recognized diabetes and its large socioeconomic and personal costs as a foremost society and global health problem. The Health Department in New York confirmed that 5, 695 people passed on because of diabetes linked causes in 2011. In every 90 minutes, one person dies of diabetes and sixteen diabetes-related deaths are recorded every day in New York. Diabetes is a major risk factor for life-threatening diseases such as stroke and heart attack, over four million persons die from diabetes every year, and the number is constantly rising with a higher number of diabetes-linked deaths linked to the elderly. These grim statistics are linked to obesity complications given that 85% of individuals with diabetes are overweight.
Pico Analysis
PICO is a technique of combing a search plan that permits one to take more proof-based perspective to literature search.
P: Population or patient
I: Intervention
C: Comparison
O: Outcome
A PICO format is a dependable formula for forming questions, which can be answered and researched easily in a clinical setting. A well-formed question identifies the population or patient's problem, make out the intervention, identify the major alternative that is to be considered and ends with a specific outcome that identifies the plan one wishes to accomplish.
PICO Format
All African-American patients with type 2 diabetes (both males and females) (P) who adapt healthy eating habits, physical activities, lowered hemoglobin A1C values, and self-monitored behavior to reduce T2DM risk factors (I) compared to those who use medical and counseling therapy (C) enhance management of blood glucose through controlling their cholesterol level and blood pressure.
The above PICO Format is founded on the prevalence of type two diabetes and the increased death rates caused by complications of this type of diabetes. The PICO format development was after a thorough assessment of causes, risk factors, complications and management of type diabetes whose prevalence is to further increase by 2030. The majority of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight and conventional therapy seems not to be effective in the management of this type of diabetes. According to a study carried out in 2002 by Karin et al., most patients suffering from type diabetes don not engage in physical activities and they do not follow dietary guiding principles for vegetable, sugar, carbohydrates, fruit and fat consumption. Physical activities enhance dietary habits in people with type 2 diabetes. Weight increases insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and insulin hold lowered impacts on cells of muscles so that each cell becomes unable to take in the glucose. The glucose remains in the blood where it attains increased levels that are dangerous to one's health. According to Waryasz & McDermott (2009), exercise, diet, healthy conducts and lifestyles are crucial elements of the treatment plan for people with type 2 diabetes, and they call for self-care. Proper utilization of exercise and diet improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity thereby decreasing the requirement for insulin or oral medications.
Literature Review: Literature Search
To confirm the relevance of the PICO format appropriately, a thorough search for scholarships and peered reviewed journals, which offered to substantiate information regarding the cause, treatment, management, risk factors and complications of type 2 diabetes, was conducted. Among the sources searched and consulted included journals from EBSCOhost, the internet and American diabetic associations. The first research article," Diet...
Asthma When it comes to the risks and benefits in a study, a researcher has to use the proper methods to balance these issues. There are algorithms that can be used in order to determine whether something will provide enough of a benefit to be worth doing, or whether there is too much of a risk (Burns & Grove, 2012). Most of the risk issues that appear in studies are
Its use on those with acute PAH should be performed with caution. The complication rate was observed at 2% in patients with acute PAH. The use of the procedure was deemed relatively safe for chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Severely ill patients should be subjected to non-invasive imaging method exhaustively before resorting to pulmonary angiography (Hofman et al.).# BIBLIOGRAPHY Albert, Nancy M. Caring for Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension. Nursing: Springhouse Corporation, May 1999. Retrieved
Pregnant or breastfeeding women, older patients and other patients with certain medical problems are advised to first consult their doctors before using the drugs. These medical problems are heart disease, heart rhythm problems, severe lung disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and thyroid disease (Flanigan). Although side effects of digitalis drugs are rare, patients are urged to consult reactions such as skin rash, hives or other troublesome symptoms (May 2006). Signs
Mrs. X. Relationship of high cholesterol levels to the development of cardiovascular disease Diabetes, heart disease, and high cholesterol are all strongly correlated. Even when diabetes is being well-managed, the patient's risks factors increase for comorbidity with these disorders. "High blood pressure has long been recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies report a positive association between hypertension and insulin resistance. When patients have both hypertension and diabetes, which
Diabetes -- Literature Review It is estimated that nearly five and a half million people, or over a third of the population, have prediabetes in some populations such as the City of New York; diabetes and diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death in the region accounting for roughly two-thirds of the deaths and the rates of diabetes has lead this trend to be referred to as
Diabetes Care in the Elderly Curriculum Development Project Curriculum Development Project: Diabetes in the Skilled Nursing Home Residents Curriculum Development Project: Diabetes in the Skilled Nursing Home Residents The increased prevalence of diabetes in developed nations has been blamed in part on the obesity epidemic, but a portion of that increase is also due to longer life-spans (reviewed by Vischer et al., 2009). While this may be a mixed blessing from the perspective of
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