Of all the nations hit by the great Asian financial crash of 1997, Indonesia has gone through the most widespread political upheaval (Smith, 2003). A hated dictator has been thrown out, and democracy is on everyone's lips. But in spite of this victory, the capitalist democracy that most of the mass movement imagines is not possible in a nation as super exploited and crisis-ridden as Indonesia. In the end only a socialist revolution led by the working class can prevent a new period of dictatorship by the imperialism supported military (Indonesia's Revolutionary Crisis, n.d.).
Built-up bitterness at the thirty two-year reign of military dictator-president Suharto, who had himself officially re-elected, was combined with anger at the rapid inflation and other austerity measures commanded by imperialist financiers like the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Starting in January, the assortment exploded in militant strikes, mass riots in opposition to rising food and fuel prices by the poorest segments of the working class, as well as extensive student protests. The movement continued in spite of deadly suppression by the army. It ended with huge demonstrations in the capital, Jakarta, and in other major cities (Indonesia's Revolutionary Crisis, n.d.).
Noting the size of the rallies and the fierceness of the urban riots, the ruling class forced Suharto to resign in order to avert a mass uprising. He was replaced by Vice-President B.J. Habibie, a long-term member of the infamously corrupt Suharto clan that has raked in profits from all financial activity in Indonesia. Suharto had ruled through a bloody dictatorship since the CIA-backed military coup he headed in 1965-66 (Justice in Jakarta, 1995). The coup, one of the greatest routs suffered by the global working class since the Second World War, ended in the murder of nearly a million people. The victims were mainly ethnic Chinese and members of the PKI, then the third-largest Communist Party in the world. "The regime's murderous history also includes the slaughter of 200,000 during Indonesia's takeover of East Timor in the 1970's" (Indonesia's Revolutionary Crisis, n.d.).
The present upsurge has its roots in struggles that began some years ago. New unions independent of the regime fashioned in the early 1990's. In 1996, Suharto's military took over one of the two legal bourgeois resistance parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). The army discharged the PDI's leader, Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of former president Sukarno, the nationalist leader who had lead the country in the early period of independence from Dutch colonial rule after World War II. After mass protests, joined with workers' strikes for better wages and against military intervention with unions, major trade union and resistance leaders were arrested (Indonesia's Revolutionary Crisis, n.d.).
Particularly targeted for suppression was the PRD. It was formed in 1994 out of several student activist organizations...
Nevertheless, the country was still influenced in terms of consumer demands. In this order of ideas, the Malaysian economy remains highly dependent on exports. And in a context in which the global purchasing power and demand have decreased as result of the crisis, the levels of exports -- and the adjacent earnings -- have also decreased. In order to remedy the situation, the Malaysian government is striving to reduce
Some Chinese researchers assert that Chinese flutes may have evolved from of Indian provenance. In fact, the kind of side-blown, or transverse, flutes musicians play in Southeast Asia have also been discovered in Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and Central Asia, as well as throughout the Europe of the Roman Empire. This suggests that rather than originating in China or even in India, the transverse flute might have been adopted through the
Behavioral Finance and Human Interaction a Study of the Decision-Making Processes Impacting Financial Markets Understanding the Stock Market Contrasting Financial Theories Flaws of the Efficient Market Hypothesis Financial Bubbles and Chaos The stock market's dominant theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been greatly criticized recently for its failure to account for human errors, heuristic bias, use of misinformation, psychological tendencies, in determining future expected performance and obtainable profits. Existing evidence indicates that past confidence in the
……Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Early Awareness Education and Its Effects on BMISubmitted by:Nancy L. Gee Comment by Pamela Love: Looks like an interesting project, Nancy.Very good start! Be sure whenever you submit your manuscript that you change wording from �study� to �project� and avoid referring to the project as research. Review carefully for grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, format, or APA errors. Pay close attention to the reviewer�s comments as you continue
Persons who do not know about his traditional, middle class, White bread upbringing in upstate New York call upon him to represent the 'Asian viewpoint' when he is asked, for instance, to be a talking head or commentator on a scandal relating to America's relationship with China. Liu has decided he is Asian-American, almost by default -- because he is seen as Asian in America, he is an Asian-American,
Western civilization has been developing according to a set of coordinates that are entirely separated from the ones of its Eastern counterpart. The focus of this paper is to propose subjective psychologically-minded interpretations to a series of Asian stories and poems extracted from the traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism. The storyline of Searching for Buddha begins with the account of a monk's lengthy and arduous journey towards finding Buddha. When
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