In addition, he or she is almost certain to feel responsible, and guilty about the loss he or she has experienced." (nd) Behavioral manifestations of the inability to cope with feelings of grief include "angry outbursts, irritability, sleeping and eating disorders, and persistent questioning about the details of death." (Fiorini and Mullen, 2007) Frequent expression of grief in childhood and adolescence include "fear of personal fallibility, psychosomatic ailments, and difficulties with schoolwork, nightmares or sleep disorders, changes in eating patterns, temporary regressions and shock." (Fiorini and Mullen, 2007) Fiorini and Mullen note that four tasks were outlines by Fox (1985) in assisting children with understanding their grief, commemorating the loss and with moving on with their life. It is stated that interventions that have been successful in children who are dealing with grief include those of "play therapy, narrative therapy and art therapy." (Fiorini and Mullen, 2007)
The work of Nabors (2004) et al. entitled: 'A Pilot Study of the Impact of a Grief Camp for Children' relates a study in which states findings that "children reported that art activities helped them to express feelings about their grief and release feelings of sadness and worry related to the death. Parents and children felt that the camp was a positive experience and that the children benefited from being in groups with peers who had also lost family members." (2004)
The work of Busch and Kimble (2001) entitled: 'Grieving Children: Are We Meeting the Challenge' published in the Journal of Pediatric Nursing states that "an effective way to help children develop strategies to cope with loss is though a bereavement support groups. The use of art therapy, recreation, psychodrama, puppets, workbooks, discussions, writings and other supportive activities are all structured into sessions that help children express grief openly and receive support from others who are grieving." (2001) the primary purpose of the group is "not to achieve resolution of grief, but rather to give the students the skills and support to continue to work toward resolution of their grief." (Busch and Kimble, 2001)
The work of Graham and Sontag (2001) entitled: 'Art as an Evaluative Tool: A Pilot Study' published in Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association relates a study that examined the effectiveness of an art therapy support group for children who were grieving. The assessment utilized artwork for making qualitative measure of the perspective of the experiences in this group of children. Results of the study state that evaluation of perceptions of the children's grief "was conducted retrospectively at a 'reunion' of the group one year after completion of a 10-session treatment program." (Graham and Sontag, 2001) it is stated that three themes emerged in this study as follows:
1) the vulnerability of grieving children;
2) the importance of maintaining memories; and 3) the contribution of the group to the process of grieving. (Graham and Sontag, 2001)
Findings are stated to indicate "that art can be an effective tool to evaluate children's grief groups." (Graham and Sontag, 2001) the work of Ellenbecker and King (1990) entitled: 'The Effects of Gender and College Major on Mood State Changes Induced through Artistic Expression' published in the American Journal of Art Therapy states that "a basic tenet of art therapy is that the process of creating art is associated with positive mood change."
The work of Nicole Resnick (2005) entitled: 'It's All Right to Cry: How to Help Kids Cope with Death, Dying and Grief' relates a story in which a child is asked why he believed his grandfather had died and the little boy confided that "he felt he was responsible" as he had "accidentally stepped on his grandpa's oxygen tube the same night the terminal man passed away." (Resnick, 2005) Resnick expressed that had this child not had the chance to voice this belief "he may have harbored this misguided guilt for years." (2005) the tendency, according to Resnick is to not speak about grief...
Art therapy is a growing field that needs to have more attention paid to it in order to fully appreciate its value. It helps children become more psychologically healthy by providing them with an outlet that allows them to express themselves in ways that they might not have been able to. In the end, what art therapy has demonstrated is that there are alternatives to the standard curriculum, and by
Art Therapy for Abused Children Art therapy is a psychotherapeutic discipline using plastic and graphic art expression as a means of expressing thoughts and feelings that an individual may be unable or unwilling to verbalize (Di Maria pp). Each client's diagnosis, needs, interests, and capabilities are formulated in the goals of the therapy (Di Maria pp). Art therapists encourage their clients to express personal concerns through the creation of art, and
Children need special attention when dealing with traumas they might not fully understand. Thus art therapy has been proven to benefit the increasing number of children dealing with PTSD and other trauma related disorders creating fear and anxiety within the innocent child. Another major benefit of art therapy is that of the informal nature of the expression. Unlike language which is complicated through strict grammatical rules, artistic expression has
It is perhaps for this reason that Natalie Rogers' person-centered approach to art therapy is the preferred approach, as it allows for artistic expression in a multitude of ways -- art, dance, drama, etc. -- and it is the patient or "client" who decides what works best for them. Said Carl Rogers of his person-centered techniques, and also his relationship with his clients: the relationship with I have found helpful
Hope the readers found pleasure in reading the history i.e. The experiences of the former innovators. References Betensky, M.G. (1973). Self-discovery through self-expression. IL Springfield: Charles C. Thomas. Case, C., & Dalley, T. (1992). The Handbook of Art Therapy. New York: Routledge. Detre, K.C., Frank, T., Kniazzeh, C.R., Robinson, M., Rubin, J.A., & Ulman, E. (1983). Roots of art therapy: Margerat Naumberg (1890-1983) and Florence Cane (1882-1952): A family portrait. American Journal of
Child sexual abuse is a topic that has attracted must attention in the current years. Studies estimate that up to 33% of women and at least 20% of men are victims of child sexual abuse (Misurell & Springer, 2013). Sexual abuses excluding touch are often not reported. This suggests that the number of individuals who could be sexually abused in their childhood may even be greater. As a high percentage
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