Verified Document

Art Of War Book Report

Related Topics:

Summary/Abstract The subject of terrain is covered exclusively in one of the thirteen chapters in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. In fact, terrain is addressed throughout The Art of War, so critical is positioning to tactical advantage and strategy. For example, the fourth chapter on “Tactical Dispositions” addresses positioning prior to Sun Tzu’s more formal “Classification of Terrain” in Chapter Ten. Whereas “Tactical Dispositions” covers defensive options, and relative positions vis-a-vis the enemy, “Terrain” demonstrates how variations in terrain impact strategy and outcome. Therefore, “Terrain” offers an unparalleled level of detail on the subject of geography that is of tremendous use to military strategists. Sun Tzu extends his discussion on the importance of terrain in Chapter Eleven of The Art of War, showing how terrain impacts the nine main possibilities for battleground formation and how to address challenges and crises by using skilful means.

Introduction: Why Terrain?

Even in an era of cyber, aviation, and space tactics in military activity, terrain remains important for all strategy and warfare. In fact, the principles embedded in Sun Tzu’s chapter on “Terrain” in The War of War can be easily extended to non-geographic zones, including the virtual or cyber terrain and the three-dimensional terrains of aerospace. Terrain governs human movement, and the movement of objects on the battlefield. The laws of physics impact the efficacy of terrain and its impact on battle action and outcomes, while overarching and intervening variables like weather and time may compound the complexities of each situation. A thorough understanding of the art of terrain, including the six types of ground and their relative strengths and weaknesses, promotes victory in military campaigns.

The Six Kinds of Terrain

Sun Tzu identifies six types of terrain relevant to military strategists. Those six types of terrain include accessible ground, entangling ground, temporizing ground, narrow passes, precipitous heights, and positions at a great distance from the enemy (Sun Tzu, n.d.). Each of these terrain types presents challenges or opportunities, and must be mastered and recognized for effective strategy and ideal outcomes. For example, accessible ground may seem advantageous but the enemy will also find it is easy to navigate and to seize. When working with accessible...

When the enemy can be caught unawares, using surprise or sabotage tactics, then it may be possible to take advantage fully of entangling ground. However, a risky surprise attack or one that was planned poorly and results in enemy defense could result in the inability to retreat. Using the most basic example, a valley could be considered an entangling ground because it may be easy to enter, but more difficult to abandon if the enemy should suddenly post sentinels or block passage uphill (“Chapter 10 - Terrain | The Art of War by Sun Tzu,” n.d.). Temporizing ground, on the other hand, is challenging to navigate for all parties. Whenever there is a terrain situation in which it would be risky to make the first move, it is considered temporizing ground (Sun Tzu, 2006). Western Front battles during World War One demonstrated both the importance of entangling and temporizing ground in the art of war, especially given the need to modify the terrain via the construction of tunnels and trenches (Doyle & Bennett, 1997). In fact, the concept of terrain must be unified with the strategic importance of technological advancements that allow troops to use the terrain differently, to their advantage in different situations.
Narrow passes are unique; Sun Tzu advises occupying them before the enemy can, making sure to “strongly garrison” them (Sun Tzu, 2006, p. 46). Using narrow passes in the art of war requires patience, though. If time is more important than taking advantage of the narrow pass, then it would be advised to allow the enemy to occupy them first. If that happens, Sun Tzu advises not following the enemy into the narrow pass but to retreat to the point where the enemy needs to leave and follow.

Precipitous heights have also become one of the most important terrain elements in securing military victories. World War One demonstrated the strategic advantage of heights, as “each side found to gain the strategic advantage provided by the high ground,” (Doyle & Bennett, 1997, p. 1). However, throughout history, sentinel points have been stationed on precipitous heights because of the strategic advantage of surveillance and prediction: being prepared. High ground confers…

Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Art History Compare Ancient War Imagery With Contemporary Modern...
Words: 1608 Length: 6 Document Type: Term Paper

Art History War Imagery in Ancient and Contemporary Art Considering the backdrop of politics and war is an important part of understanding ancient and contemporary art (Stockstad, 2003, p. 468). Historians can tell a lot about the actual events and feelings that occurred during wartime by looking at the rat of the time. As the twentieth century dawned, many European and Americans had an optimistic outlook on life, believing that human society would

Art in the Age of
Words: 1030 Length: 3 Document Type: Term Paper

There are expressed their feelings through different work of art such as filming. Through films, they used actors and actresses to manipulate the story of the film. And thus through the facial expressions and their actions people watching it can get the whole picture of what the story was all about. One of the first to sense this transformation of the actor by the test performance was Pirandello (Benjamin

Art Dev Development of Artistic
Words: 1014 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

Pre-Task Learning: Class discussion/reading of the history of the Spanish Civil War and its relationship to the approach of World War II. Continuing discussion on the specific context of the painting's creation and display, and of Pablo Picasso and his emerging and shifting abstract style of painting. Preliminary open-form discussion of possible interpretations of the painting, beginning with the more obvious macro-level signs in the painting on touching on other

Art Analysis: ART21 After Reviewing the Artists
Words: 968 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Art Analysis: Art21 After reviewing the artists from Art21, the artists chosen are Pierre Huyghe and AI Weiwei as the subjects of this paper. The pieces the paper will be "This is not a time for dreaming" by Huyghe and "Forever" by Weiwei. Both pieces are installation pieces although the artists are not classified under the same grouping on the Art21 website. Weiwei is listed as "Featured in Change" and Huyghe

Art Italian Renaissance Art This
Words: 1456 Length: 5 Document Type: Term Paper

Here Mars is asleep and unarmed, while Venus is awake and alert. The meaning of the picture is that love conquers war, or love conquers all." (Cole, xx) the purpose of the work during the renaissance was mostly likely for a prominent individual's bedroom furniture or a piece of wainscoting. Some art connoisseurs have considered that the detailed wasps at upper right may have been a link to the popular

Art and Photojournalism Film and Photojournalism Have
Words: 398 Length: 1 Document Type: Term Paper

Art and Photojournalism Film and photojournalism have been extremely important aspects of war since their invention. One journalist wrote, "Photographic journalism is generally accepted as an authoritative source of visual information about our times" (Steichen 5). This is especially true of war photography, because the photographer's lens captures the horror and agony of war in a split second, and immortalizes it forever. Some of the most memorable photographs of the century

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now